Edmond Fitzmaurice, 1st Baron Fitzmaurice

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Edmond George Petty-Fitzmaurice, 1st Baron Fitzmaurice, PC (19 June 1846 – 21 June 1935), known as Lord Edmond FitzMaurice from 1863 to 1906, was a British Liberal politician.

Born at Lansdowne House in London, Fitzmaurice was the second son of the 4th Marquess of Lansdowne and his second wife Emily de Flahault, daughter of the French statesman Charles Joseph, comte de Flahaut. His elder brother was the statesman the 5th Marquess of Lansdowne. Fitzmaurice was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was President of the Cambridge Union in 1866. He was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1871, but never practised. In 1868 Fitzmaurice was elected unopposed to Parliament for the family constituency of Calne, a seat he would hold until 1885, and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Robert Lowe, Chancellor of the Exchequer and later Home Secretary, from 1872 to 1874, when the Liberals fell from office. He was appointed Commissioner at Constantinople in 1880, overseeing the reorganisation of the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire under the Berlin Treaty of 1878. However, his ambitious plans and ideas for the area were never implemented.

The Liberals had returned to power in 1880, and in 1883 Gladstone appointed Fitzmaurice Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, succeeding Sir Charles Dilke, which he remained until the fall of the Liberal Government in 1885. The Calne constituency he had represented since 1868 was abolished in 1885, and he was instead chosen as the Liberal candidate for the Glasgow constituency of Blackfriars and Hutchesontown. However, illness forced Fitzmaurice into semi-retirement before the elections. He returned to public life in 1887 but was unsuccessful in his attempts to return to Parliament when he stood for Deptford in the 1892 general election and for Cricklade in the 1895 general election. However, in 1898 he was successfully returned for Cricklade in a by-election, a constituency he would represent until 1906. When the Liberals came to power in late 1905 under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Fitzmaurice was appointed to his old post of Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, but to the surprise of many he was overlooked for a Cabinet post. He was in fact offered the position of Foreign Secretary (which for five years prior had been held by his brother Lord Lansdowne) should Sir Edward Grey refuse it (which he did not). Fitzmaurice chose not to stand in the 1906 General Election, and was instead raised to the peerage as Baron Fitzmaurice, of Leigh in the County of Wilts. He remained at the Foreign Office after Asquith became Prime Minister, but in October 1908 he was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with a seat in the Cabinet, and admitted to the Privy Council. However, a recurrence of his earlier illness forced him to resign the following year, marking the end of his political career.

Apart from his participation in national politics, Lord Fitzmaurice was Chairman of the Wiltshire County Council from 1896 to 1906. He was also a biographer, and published works on his great-grandfather, the Prime Minister the 2nd Earl of Shelburne and of his earlier descendant, the economist, scientist and philosopher Sir William Petty, as well as on the 2nd Earl Granville. Moreover, he was a Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery and a Fellow of the British Academy.

Lord Fitzmaurice married Caroline FitzGerald (d. 1911), daughter of William John FitzGerald of Connecticut, in 1889, but refused to consummate the marriage. The marriage was annulled five years later. Lord Fitzmaurice died in June 1936, two days after his 89th birthday. The title became extinct on his death.

Political offices
Preceded by Sir Charles Dilke	Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1883–1885	Succeeded by Robert Bourke
Preceded by The Earl Percy	Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1905–1908	Succeeded by Thomas McKinnon Wood
Preceded by Sir Henry Hartley Fowler	Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1908–1909	Succeeded by Herbert Samuel
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by New Creation	Baron FitzMaurice 1906–1935	Succeeded by Extinct