Edgar Faure
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| Edgar Faure | |
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144th Prime Minister of France
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| In office February 23, 1955 – January 31, 1956 |
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| Preceded by | Pierre Mendès-France |
| Succeeded by | Guy Mollet |
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139th Prime Minister of France
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| In office January 20, 1952 – March 8, 1952 |
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| Preceded by | René Pleven |
| Succeeded by | Antoine Pinay |
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| Born | August 18, 1908 |
| Died | March 30, 1988 |
| Political party | Radical |
Edgar Faure (August 18, 1908 – March 30, 1988) was a French politician, essayist, historian, and memoirist.
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[edit] Career
Faure was born in Béziers, Languedoc-Roussillon. He trained as a lawyer in Paris and became a member of the Bar at 27, the youngest lawyer in France to do so at the time. While living in Paris, he became active in Third Republic politics, and joined the Radical Party.
During the German occupation of World War II, he joined the French Resistance in the Maquis, and in 1942 fled to Charles de Gaulle's headquarters in Algiers, where he was made head of the Provisional Government of the Republic's legislative department. At the end of the war he served as French counsel for the prosecution at the Nuremberg Trials.
In 1946, he was elected to the French Parliament as a Radical. While the popularity of his party declined to less than 10 per cent of the total vote, none of the other parties was able to gain a clear majority. As such, early on, Faure’s party often played a disproportionately important role in the formation of French governments. In this, he led the cabinet in 1952 and from 1955 to 1956. Faure was a leader of the more conservative wing of the party, opposing the party's left under Pierre Mendès-France.
Faure's views changed during the Fourth Republic, and after being initially opposed to the Fifth Republic (he voted against presidential election by universal suffrage in the 1962 referendum), he eventually became a Gaullist. De Gaulle's party, the Union for the New Republic, sent him on an unofficial mission to the People's Republic of China in 1963. In government he served in successive ministries: Agriculture (1966-1968), National Education (1968-1969, where he was responsible for pushing through reform of the universities), and Social Affairs (1972-1973). He declined to be a candidate at the 1974 presidential election, and supported Valéry Giscard d'Estaing against the Gaullist candidate Jacques Chaban-Delmas.
He had the reputation of a careerist and the nickname of "weathercock". He replied with humour that "it is not the weathercock which turns; it is the wind!".
He was a member of the National Assembly for the départment of Jura from 1946 to 1958, and for the départment of Doubs from 1967 to 1980. He presided over the French National Assembly from 1973 to 1978. He was a Senator from 1959 to 1967 for Jura, and again in 1980 for Doubs. In 1978 he became a Member of the Académie française.
On the regional, departmental and local levels, Edgar Faure was mayor of Port-Lesney (Jura) from 1947 to 1971, and from 1983 to 1988, and mayor of Pontarlier between 1971 and 1977; he served as president of the General Council of the Jura départment from 1949 to 1967, then member of the General Council of the Doubs from 1967 to 1979, president of the council of the Franche-Comté région (1974-1981, 1982-1988).
Edgar Faure was interred in Cimetière de Passy, Paris.
During his career, Edgar Faure served as:
- Minister of Finance (1950-51);
- Prime Minister - (1952);
- Foreign Minister - (1955);
- Prime Minister - (1955-56) one of the big four of the Geneva Conference with Eisenhower, Bulganin and Eden;
- Minister of Agriculture - (1966);
- Minister of Education - (1968);
- Minister of Social Affairs - (1972);
- President of the National Assembly (1973-79).
[edit] Works
He published the following books:
- Le serpent et la tortue (les problèmes de la Chine populaire), Juillard, 1957
- La disgrâce de Turgot, Gallimard, 1961
- La capitation de Dioclétien, Sirey 1961
- Prévoir le présent, Gallimard, 1966
- L'éducation nationale et la participation, Plon, 1968
- Philosophie d'une réforme, Plon, 1969
- L'âme du combat, Fayard, 1969
- Ce que je crois, Grasset, 1971
- Pour un nouveau contrat social, Seuil, 1973
- Au-delà du dialogue avec Philippe Sollers, Balland, 1977
- La banqueroute de Law, Gallimard, 1977
- La philosophie de Karl Popper et la société politique d'ouverture, Firmin Didot, 1981
- Pascal: le procès des provinciales, Firmin Didot, 1930
- Le pétrole dans la paix et dans la guerre, Nouvelle revue critique 1938
- Mémoires I, "Avoir toujours raison, c'est un grand tort", Plon, 1982
- Mémoires II, "Si tel doit être mon destin ce soir", Plon, 1984
- Discours prononcé pour la réception de Senghor à l'Académie française, le 29 mars 1984
[edit] Faure's First Ministry, 20 January - 8 March 1952
- Edgar Faure - President of the Council and Minister of Finance
- Georges Bidault - Vice President of the Council and Minister of National Defense
- Henri Queuille - Vice President of the Council
- Robert Schuman - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Pierre Pflimlin - Minister for the Council of Europe
- Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury - Minister of Armaments
- Charles Brune - Minister of the Interior
- Robert Buron - Minister of Economic Affairs and Information
- Pierre Courant - Minister of Budget
- Jean-Marie Louvel - Minister of Industry and Energy
- Paul Bacon - Minister of Labour and Social Security
- Léon Martinaud-Deplat - Minister of Justice
- André Morice - Minister of Merchant Marine
- Pierre-Olivier Lapie - Minister of National Education
- Emmanuel Temple - Minister of Veterans and War Victims
- Camille Laurens - Minister of Agriculture
- Louis Jacquinot - Minister of Overseas France
- Antoine Pinay - Minister of Public Works, Transport, and Tourism
- Paul Ribeyre - Minister of Public Health and Population
- Eugène Claudius-Petit - Minister of Reconstruction and Town Planning
- Roger Duchet - Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones
- Édouard Bonnefous - Minister of Commerce
- Jean Letourneau - Minister of Partner States
- Joseph Laniel - Minister of State
- François Mitterrand - Minister of State
[edit] Faure's Second Ministry, 23 February 1955 - 1 February 1956
- Edgar Faure - President of the Council
- Antoine Pinay - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Pierre Koenig - Minister of National Defense and Armed Forces
- Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury - Minister of the Interior
- Pierre Pflimlin - Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs
- André Morice - Minister of Commerce and Industry
- Paul Bacon - Minister of Labour and Social Security
- Robert Schuman - Minister of Justice
- Paul Antier - Minister of Merchant Marine
- Jean Berthoin - Minister of National Education
- Raymond Triboulet - Minister of Veterans and War Victims
- Jean Sourbet - Minister of Agriculture
- Pierre-Henri Teitgen - Minister of Overseas France
- Édouard Corniglion-Molinier - Minister of Public Works, Transport, and Tourism
- Bernard Lafay - Minister of Public Health and Population
- Roger Duchet - Minister of Reconstruction and Housing
- Édouard Bonnefous - Minister of Posts
- Pierre July - Minister of Moroccan and Tunisian Affairs
Changes
- 6 October 1955 - Pierre Billotte succeeds Koenig as Minister of National Defense and Armed Forces. Vincent Badie succeeds Triboulet as Minister of Veterans and War Victims.
- 20 October 1955 - Pierre July leaves the Cabinet and the office of Minister of Moroccan and Tunisian Affairs is abolished.
- 1 December 1955 - Edgar Faure succeeds Bourgès-Maunoury as interim Minister of the Interior.
| Preceded by Charles Spinasse |
Minister of Budget 1950–1951 |
Succeeded by Pierre Courant |
| Preceded by René Mayer |
Minister of Justice 1951–1952 |
Succeeded by Léon Martinaud-Deplat |
| Preceded by René Pleven |
Prime Minister of France 1952 |
Succeeded by Antoine Pinay |
| Preceded by René Mayer |
Minister of Finance 1952 |
Succeeded by Antoine Pinay |
| Preceded by Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury |
Minister of Finance 1953–1955 |
Succeeded by Robert Buron |
| Preceded by — |
Minister of Planning 1954–1955 |
Succeeded by Robert Buron |
| Preceded by Pierre Mendès-France |
Minister of Foreign Affairs 1955 |
Succeeded by Antoine Pinay |
| Preceded by Pierre Mendès-France |
Prime Minister of France 1955–1956 |
Succeeded by Guy Mollet |
| Preceded by Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury |
interim Minister of the Interior 1955–1956 |
Succeeded by Jean Gilbert-Jules |
| Preceded by Pierre Pflimlin |
Minister of Finance, Economic Affairs, and Planning 1958 |
Succeeded by Antoine Pinay |
| Preceded by Edgard Pisani |
Minister of Agriculture 1966–1968 |
Succeeded by Robert Boulin |
| Preceded by François-Xavier Ortoli |
Minister of National Education 1968–1969 |
Succeeded by Olivier Guichard |
| Preceded by — |
Minister of Social Affairs 1972–1973 |
Succeeded by — |
| Preceded by Achille Peretti |
President of the National Assembly 1973–1978 |
Succeeded by Jacques Chaban-Delmas |
| Preceded by André François-Poncet |
Seat 18 Académie française 1978–1988 |
Succeeded by Michel Serres |
