| Subculture |
Origins |
Music |
Ideology |
Fashion |
| Anarcho-punk |
First and second wave UK punk |
Major bands: Crass, Conflict, Flux of Pink Indians, the Subhumans |
Anarchism |
Anarchist symbolism |
| Art punk |
Mid-1970s New York City |
Abstract lyrics. Major bands: Television |
Bohemianism |
None |
| Christian punk |
Early 1980s American hardcore |
Christian-themed lyrics |
Christianity |
Christian symbolism |
| Crust punk |
Late 1980s to early 1990s anarcho-punk |
Fuses anarcho-punk, heavy metal, and hardcore. Uses elements of d-beat. Similar to grindcore. |
Anarchism, nihilism |
D.I.Y., anarchist symbolism |
| Deathrock |
Late 1970s Californian punk |
Major artists: Rozz Williams, Eva O and Dinah Cancer |
Apolitical, horror |
Black clothing, makeup, fake wounds |
| Glam punk |
Early 1970s north-eastern United States |
Major bands: The New York Dolls |
Transvestitism |
Cross-dressing |
| Hardcore punk, UK 82 |
Early 1980s North America, UK |
Faster and heavier version of punk rock. Major bands: Bad Brains, Black Flag, Minor Threat |
Highly political |
Anti-fashion |
| Horror punk |
Early 1980s Californian hardcore punk |
Major bands: The Misfits |
Apolitical, horror, science fiction |
Black clothing, corpse paint, devilock |
| Nazi Punk |
Late 1970s UK punk |
Rock Against Communism, hatecore. Major bands: Skrewdriver |
Neo-Nazism |
Nazi symbolism |
| Oi! |
Late 1970s UK punk |
Major bands: Cock Sparrer, the Cockney Rejects, Angelic Upstarts, The Blood, Sham 69. |
Socialism, populism, football hooliganism |
Adopts elements of skinhead fashion |
| Streetpunk |
Early 1990s Oi! punk |
Often influenced by hardcore punk, pub rock, Oi!, and bands such as the Clash |
Working class, inner-city |
None |
| Positive punk |
Late 1970s London punk |
Influenced by postpunk, New Wave |
Apolitical, horror, non-violence |
Early goth fashion |
| Queercore |
1985 American hardcore punk |
Range of punk styles. Lyrics focus on marginalized sexuality. Major bands: The Dicks, the Big Boys, God Is My Co-Pilot, Limp Wrist, Mukilteo Fairies, The Need, Pansy Division, Team Dresch, Tribe 8, Gay for Johnny Depp |
Homosexuality, gay rights |
Similar to hardcore dress |
| Riot grrrl |
1991 Seattle, Olympia, and Washington, D.C. hardcore punk |
Alternative rock-influenced. Lyrics about female empowerment. Major bands: Bratmobile, Bikini Kill |
Feminism |
Kinderwhore |
| Scum punk |
1990s American hardcore punk |
Sexualized, violent lyrics with taboo subject matter. Major bands: the Scumfucs |
Transgressive art |
Filthy rags |
| Taqwacore |
Late 1990s hardcore |
None |
Islamism |
None |
| Skate punk |
Early 1980s Venice Beach, California skateboarding and surfboarding |
Similar to hardcore punk. Major bands: Suicidal Tendencies |
Anti-authoritarianism |
Baggy clothes, skate shoes |
| Ska punk, 2 Tone |
Late 1970s UK punk, Rudie, skinhead, and mod revival |
Brass instruments, other wind instruments |
Anti-racism |
Black suit |
