EBOO

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EBOO or Extracorporeal Blood Oxygenation and Ozonation is a unique hemofiltration-like procedure developed and now used routinely in the medical department at the University of Siena, and also in hospitals and clinics in Malaysia and Japan, where it is known as RHP or recirculatory hemoperfusion.[1]

EBOO combines modern membrane dialysis used to treat heart, kidney and liver failure with (or without) ozone therapy, historically a popular alternative therapy in mainland Europe, the evidence base for which had long been questioned by western medicine.[2]. Extensive testing of EBOO has revealed no toxicity or side effects in sheep or human volunteers.[3][4] EBOO is designed to amplify the therapeutic benefits reported of Autohemotherapy (O3-AHT) by treating a greater volume of blood (4 litres/hr) at a lower ozone concentration (<20 μg/ml).[5]

A clinical trial of EBOO showed it to be more effective in the treatment of peripheral artery disease than prostacyclin.[6]. Further trials are currently underway for heart disease and stroke patients for which preliminary reports of ozone treatment have been positive.[7][8][9][10][11]

Clinical trials of Celacade, another blood ozonation treatment, have reported similar benefits in chronic heart failure.

EBOO is also reported to have remedied necrotizing fasciitis, an often fatal bacterial infection resistant to antibiotics.[12] Ozone's anti-bacterial and viral properties have been employed successfully in water purification. The International Society of Blood Purification has recognized EBOO as warranting clinical investigation as a viral load reducing treatment.[13].Ozone has been shown to disinfect extracorporeal blood of viruses.[14] [15][16][17]

Oxygenators designed for heart surgery and kidney dialysis are not suitable for EBOO. Due to the oxidative nature of ozone, the filter components and membranes will block up and inhibit the effective exchange of gas, possibly releasing toxic compounds into the circulating blood.[18] An economical ozone resistant gas exchange device (L001) has been specifically designed for the ozonation of human blood during extra-corporeal circulation.[19]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Extracorporeal Blood Oxygenation and Ozonation: Clinical and Biological Implications of Ozone Therapy. Redox Report 2005.
  2. ^ Effect of Ozone on Red Blood Cell Enzymes and Intermediates. Acta Haematologica 2000.
  3. ^ Ozonation of blood during extracorporeal circulation. I. Rationale, methodology and preliminary studies.. Artificial Organs 1999.
  4. ^ Ozone Therapy Editorial Review. International Journal of Artificial Organs 2004.
  5. ^ Extracorporeal blood oxygenation and ozonation (EBOO) in man. preliminary report.. Artificial Organs 2000..
  6. ^ Extracorporeal Blood Oxygenation and Ozonation (EBOO): A Controlled Trial in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. International Journal of Artificial Organs 2005.
  7. ^ Kraft et al, Influence of Autohemotherapy with Ozone on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Mild Hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension 8: 133a, 1995.
  8. ^ Decrease of Blood Cholesterol and Stimulation Antioxidative Response in Cardiopathy Patients Treated with Endovenous Ozone Therapy.. Free Radicial Biological Medicine 1995.
  9. ^ Ozone Therapy On Cerabral Blood Flow; A Preliminary Report. Oxford University, Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2004..
  10. ^ Studies on the Biological Effects of Ozone: 11. Release of Factors from Human Endothelial Cells. Mediators Inflammation 2000.
  11. ^ Effects of Ozone Oxidative Preconditioning on Nitric Oxide Generation and Cellular Redox Balance, In a Rat Model of Hepatic Ischaemia–Reperfusion. Liver International 2004.
  12. ^ Necrotizing Fasciitis Successfully Treated with Extracorporeal Blood Oxygenation and Ozonation (EBOO).. International Journal of Artificial Organs 2002..
  13. ^ 18th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Blood Purification. Blood Purification 2001; 19:73-106.
  14. ^ Inactivation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Ozone In Vitro.. Blood 1991.
  15. ^ Ozone inactivates HIV at noncytotoxic concentrations. Antiviral Research 1991.
  16. ^ Are Worry Free Blood Transfusions just a whiff of ozone away?. Canadian Journal of Medicine 1993..
  17. ^ Yamamoto et al, The Effects of Ozone on Treatment of 4 Patients Suffering from Hepatitis C. Bulletin of Japan Research for the Medical Use of Ozone 1996; 3: 1-2
  18. ^ Ozonation of blood during extracorporeal circulation. II. Comparative analysis of several oxygenator-ozonators and selection of one type.. Artificial Organs 2001.
  19. ^ Oxygenation-ozonation of blood during extracorporeal circulation: in vitro efficiency of a new gas exchange device. Artificial Organs 2007.