East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry | |
|---|---|
| Active | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Yeomanry |
| Size | One Regiment |
| Engagements | The Great War Selle Valenciennes Sambre France and Flanders 1918 Egypt 1915-17 Gaza El Mughar Nebi Samwil Palestine 1917-18 The Second World War Withdrawal to Escaut St Omer-La Bassee Cassel Normandy Landing Cambes Caen Bourguebus Ridge La Vie Crossing Lisieux Foret de Bretonne Lower Maas Venlo Pocket Ourthe Rhine North West Europe 1940, 1944 45 |
The East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry were formed in 1794, when King George III was on the throne, William Pitt the Younger was the Prime Minister of Great Britain and across the English Channel, Britain was faced by a French nation that had recently guillotined its King and possessed a revolutionary army numbering half a million men. The Prime Minister proposed that the English Counties form a force of Volunteer Yeoman Cavalry that could be called on by the King to defend the country against invasion or by the Lord Lieutenant to subdue any civil disorder within the country.[1]
Contents |
[edit] World War I
During World War I A second and third regiment were raised and designated 2/1st and 3/1st East Riding Yeomanry. The 2/1st converted to a Cyclist Battalion in 1916 , remaining in the East Riding until May 1918 , when it transferred to Ireland. It was disbanded at the end of the war.[2] The 3/1st was raised in 1915 , remaining in the East Riding until 1917 when it was absorbed by the 1st Reserve Cavalry Regiment at the Curragh, in Ireland..[3]
The 1/1st moved north in November 1914 as Divisional Cavalry for the Northumbrian Division. On May 20 , the Regiment formed part of a parade of some 40,000 men before H.M. The King and Lord Kitchener. The Regiment was then ordered south to Filey and then to East Anglia , to form part of the 1/1st North Midland Mounted Brigade. In October 1915 they set sail for Alexandria..[4]
In 1916 , the Regiment was part of the Western Frontier Force, a dreary job, causing a number of NCOs and men to join the newly formed Imperial Camel Corps and 120 officers and men to be detached for service under T.E. Lawrence. In December 1916, the 22nd Mounted Brigade moved to the Suez Canal Zone to form part of the ANZAC Mounted Division. The Regiment first saw action during the First Battle of Gaza , a hard engagement for both the men and the horses, and in the Second Gaza Battle it was posted to the far right flank. In General Allenby's reorganisation 22nd Mounted Brigade transferred to the Yeomanry Mounted Division..[5] In October 1917 , the Regiment took part in the third battle of Gaza, and on the 13th November at El Mughar , supported a charge by 6th Mounted Brigade. A Squadron led 22nd Mounted Brigade , having captured their objective they pressed on to Akir and established a position on the far side of the village square, however they had to withdraw as they were unsupported by the rest of the Brigade. Sadly it transpired that the village was the location of a Turkish Corps Headquarters, and had the success of the attack been exploited then a major dislocation of the enemy lines could have resulted. El Mughar was the last great cavalry charge of the British Army.
In December 1917 , with the exception of the machine gun section the Regiment was dismounted and sent to France..[6] Together with the Lincolnshire Yeomanry , it formed 102 Bn, Machine Gun Corps (Mobile). The Battalion saw action several times in the closing months of the war in the area around Cambrai supporting attacks by the 49th (West Riding) Division , 51st (Highland) Division and 56th (London) Infantry Divisions.
[edit] Between the Wars
The East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry was one of the first cavalry regiments to be mechanised. It was one of the 8 Yeomanry Regiments that chose to reduce to squadron strength to form Armoured Car Companies in the Royal Tank Corps. The 26th (ER Yorks Yeomanry) Armoured Car Company Royal Tank Corps was initially equipped with Peerless armoured cars later to be followed by a mixture of Crossleys and Rolls Royces. In 1938 , another reorganisation resulted in further change, the Regiment was reconstituted as The East Riding Yeomanry a Divisional Cavalry Regiment (Mechanised) equipped with 28 light tanks, 44 carriers and 41 motorcycles, and in 1939 a duplicate 2nd line regiment was raised.
[edit] World War II
In March 1940 , after training at Tidworth , the 1st Regiment joined the BEF in France as part of 1st Armoured Reconnaissance Brigade , initially the Corps Cavalry to 3 Corps. However, in May the Regiment passed under the command of 48th (South Midland) Division , 44th (Home Counties) Division , Macforce , and finally back to 48th (South Midland) Division. The Regiment was first involved in fighting near Ath, south of Brussels , and then over the next fortnight fought seven rearguard actions before being finally surrounded at Cassel on the night of 29th/30th May in the company of 145th Brigade. As rearguard to the Brigade’s breakout, the F echelon was fatally exposed. The remnants of 1ERY (7 officers and 230 men) returned to Tidworth, where the Regiment was brought up to strength by drafts from the 2nd Regiment, prior to moving onto Bovington to rejoin 1st Armoured Reconnaissance Brigade. What was left of 2ERY formed 10th (East Riding Yeomanry) Bn Green Howards , which later converted to become the 12th (Yorkshire) Bn Parachute Regiment.
They next deployed to Essex for anti-invasion duties, where it was equipped with Beavettes. When new material became available in Spring 1942 , the Regiment reequipped with Covenanter tanks and Honeys, and formed 27th Armoured Brigade , together with the 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards (replaced by the Staffordshire Yeomanry , in January 1944) and the 13th/18th Royal Hussars. In April 1943, the Regiment again reequipped, this time with Sherman Duplex Drive tanks.
The training all came to fruition on June 6, 1944 , when the Regiment landed on D Day supporting 9th Infantry Brigade in 3rd Division[7], and for the following fifty days they took part in the bridgehead battles. During this period they also supported 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division.
Because of casualties, 27th Armoured Brigade was broken up on the July 29 , and on August 16 the Regiment joined 33rd Armoured Brigade , taking over the petrol MK1 & II Shermans of 148 Regt RAC. The Regiment was now attached to 51st (Highland) Division , for the final Falaise Pocket Battles, the advance to the River Seine, its crossing and the taking of St Valery-en-Caux; after which the Regiment transferred to 49th (West Riding) Division for the Battle of Le Havre.
In October, the Regiment supported 53rd (Welsh) Division , in Holland fighting around Hertogenbosch and the later crossing of the Maas. However, during the winter of 1944 , it was hurried away to reinforce the pressure being put on the German "Bulge", and then in January returned to 79th Armoured Division , and re-equipped with Buffalo, to carry the troops of 15th (Scottish) Division , on the assault crossing of the Rhine March 15. For the last weeks of the war, the Regiment reconverted to Shermans, coming under the command of the Canadian Army clearing Holland. After the war the Regiment was stationed at Laboe (Kiel Estuary) until being placed in ‘suspended animation’ on the March 7, 1946.
Brigadier Carver (later Field Marshal Lord Carver) considered The East Riding Yeomanry to be one of the best, if not the best, armoured regiment that he had come across.
[edit] Post war
After the second world war the yeomanry regiments in Yorkshire were amalgamated into The Queen's Own Yorkshire Yeomanry, which was formed on April 1, 1967 as a TAVR III unit with the RHQ and 'A' Squadron at York, 'B' Squadron at Doncaster and 'C Squadron at Hull, then on April 1, 1969, they were reduced to cadre and finally reformed on April 1, 1971, as 'A' Squadron The Queen's Own Yeomanry.[8]
