East African shilling
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| East African shilling | |
| User(s) | Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, British Somalia |
|---|---|
| Superunit | |
| 20 | pound |
| Subunit | |
| 1/100 | cent |
| Coins | 1, 5, 10, 50 cents,1 shilling |
| Banknotes | 5, 10, 20, 100 shillings |
| Central bank | East African Currency Board |
| This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. | |
The shilling was the currency issued for use in British controlled areas in East Africa from 1921 until 1969.[1]. It was produced by the East African Currency Board. It is also the proposed name for a common currency that the East African Community plans to introduce by the end of 2009.[2]
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] First East African shilling
The East African shilling was introduced to Kenya, Tanganyika (now mainland Tanzania), and Uganda in 1921, replacing the short-lived florin at a rate of 2 shillings = 1 florin. The currency remained pegged to one shilling sterling and was subdivided into 100 cents.[3][4][5] In 1936, Zanzibar joined the currency board, and the Zanzibari rupee was replaced at a rate of 1.5 East African shillings = 1 Zanzibari rupee.[4] It was replaced by local currencies (Kenyan shilling, Ugandan shilling and Tanzanian shilingi) following the colonies' independence.[3][4][5]
The British controlled areas of Arabia (known then as Aden, currently part of Yemen) began using the shilling in 1951, replacing the Indian rupee, the Maria Theresa Thaler, and other foreign currencies. In 1965, the East African Currency Board was breaking up, and the South Yemeni dinar was introduced at a rate of 20 shillings to 1 dinar.[1][6]
The shilling was also used in parts of what is now Somalia, Ethiopia and Eritrea when they were under British control. Before 1941, these areas, then known as Italian East Africa were using the Italian East African lira. In 1941, as a result of World War II, Britain regained control and introduced the shilling, at a rate of 1 shilling to 24 lira. Italian Somaliland was returned to Italy in 1949 as a UN Trusteeship and soon switched to the Italian Somaliland somalo, which was at par with the shilling. British Somaliland gained independence in 1960, and joined what had been Italian Somaliland to create Somalia. Somalia used the Somali shilling which was at par with the East African shilling, with the East African shilling losing legal tender status in 1961.[7] Ethiopia regained independence in 1941, with British support and began using the East African shilling. Maria Theresa Thalers, Indian rupees, and Egyptian pound were also legal tender at the beginning of this time, and it is unclear exactly when this status ended. Full sovereignty was restored in late 1944, and the Ethiopian birr was reintroduced in 1945 at a rate of 1 birr = 2 shillings.[8] Eritrea was captured from the Italians in 1941, and began using the East African shilling, as well as the Egyptian pound, with the lira demonetized in 1942. When Eritrea formed a federation with Ethiopia in 1952, the birr, which was already in use in Ethiopia, was adopted in Eritrea.[9]
[edit] Second East African shilling
A new version of the currency is proposed by the East African Community, which consists of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, and is scheduled to be launched by the end of 2009. It will coincide with the creation of a constitution and a East African Federation between the member states in early 2010.[2]
[edit] Coins
In 1921, holed, bronze 5 and 10 cents and silver 50 cents and 1 shilling coins were introduced. Holed, bronze 1 cent coins followed in 1922. Silver was replaced by cupro-nickel in 1948. The last coins struck in the name of East Africa were produced in 1964, by which time the colonies had gained independence.
[edit] Banknotes
In 1921, notes were isued by the East African Currency Board in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 100, 200, 1000 and 10,000 shillings, with the notes of 20 shillings and above also carrying the denominations given in pounds (1, 5, 10, 50 and 500). In 1943, 1 shilling notes were issued, the only occasion that such notes were produced. 1000 shilling notes were only issued until 1933, with 10,000 shillings notes last issued in 1947. The remaining denominations were issued until 1964.
[edit] References
- ^ a b Global Financial Data currency histories table. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
- ^ a b Bosire, Bogonko (2007-04-14). East African currency coming. News 24.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
- ^ a b Schuler, Kurt. Tables of Modern Monetary History: Kenya. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
- ^ a b c Schuler, Kurt. Tables of Modern Monetary History: Tanzania. Retrieved on 2007-05-28.
- ^ a b Schuler, Kurt. Tables of Modern Monetary History: Uganda. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
- ^ Schuler, Kurt. Tables of Modern Monetary History: Asia. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
- ^ Schuler, Kurt. Tables of Modern Monetary History: Somalia. Retrieved on 2007-04-29.
- ^ Schuler, Kurt. Tables of Modern Monetary History: Ethiopia. Retrieved on 2007-04-29.
- ^ Schuler, Kurt. Tables of Modern Monetary History: Eritrea. Retrieved on 2007-04-29.
- Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991, 18th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-150-1.
- Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues, Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors), 7th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
[edit] External links
| Preceded by: Indian rupee, Maria Theresa Thaler and other foreign currencies Ratio: 1 shilling = 1 British shilling |
Currency of Colony of Aden 1951 – 1963 |
Currency of Federation of South Arabia 1963 – 1965 |
Succeeded by: South Yemeni dinar Ratio: 1 dinar = 20 shillings = 1 British pound |
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| Currency of Aden Protectorate 1951 – 1959 |
Currency of Federation of Arab Emirates of the South 1959 – 1963 |
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| Currency of remainder of Aden Protectorate 1959 – 1963 Note: throughout this time period, various states within the protectorate joined the federation |
Currency of Protectorate of South Arabia 1963 – 1965 |
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| Preceded by: Zanzibari rupee Ratio: 1.5 East African shillings = 1 Zanzibari rupee = 1 Indian rupee = 1.5 British shilling |
Currency of Zanzibar January 1, 1936 – 1964 |
Currency of Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika and Zanzibar) 1964 – 1969 |
Succeeded by: Tanzanian shilingi Reason: currency independence Ratio: at par Note: independent shilling introduced in 1966, but EA shilling not demonetized until 1969 |
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| Preceded by: East African florin Ratio: 2 shillings = 1 florin = 2 British shilling |
Currency of East Africa (Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda) 1921 – various dates of independence |
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| Currency of Kenya 1963 – 1969 |
Succeeded by: Kenyan shilling Reason: currency independence Ratio: at par Note: independent shilling introduced in 1966, but EA shilling not demonetized until 1969 |
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| Currency of Uganda 1962 – 1969 |
Succeeded by: First Ugandan shilling Reason: currency independence Ratio: at par Note: independent shilling introduced in 1966, but EA shilling not demonetized until 1969 |
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| Preceded by: Italian East African lira Reason: United Kingdom recaptured British Somaliland from Italy, and also occupied Italian East Africa Ratio: 1 shilling = 24 lira = 1 British shilling |
Currency of British Somaliland 1941 – 1962 |
Succeeded by: Somali shilling Reason: independence as part of Somalia Ratio: at par |
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| Currency of Italian Somaliland 1941 – 1950 |
Succeeded by: Italian Somaliland somalo Reason: return to Italy (in 1949) Ratio: at par |
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| Currency of Ethiopia 1941 – 1945 |
Succeeded by: Ethiopian birr Reason: (Ethiopia) independence (Eritrea) federation with Ethiopia Ratio: 1 birr = 2 shillings |
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| Currency of Eritrea 1941 – 1952 |
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