User:Dysfunktion/List of common Indo European roots

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Contents

[edit] Pronouns

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
eg- I uk ik ih/Ich Ic/I ek egō aham õc azəm ego eho ja
me- me mua ammuk amu mé mi mik mih/mich mec/me mik/mér eme mam mam me mehe mi/mię/mnie menja
wei- we wēs vedu/ wit/weis wir wē/we vit/vér vayam vayam/ ve wes
nes- us ne anzās ni ni uns unsih/uns uncer/us oss no nas na nos ny nas nás
tu- thou ti tuk dun/tun toū tu/tu tū/tú ti þu thu/du þu/thou þú su tvam tsū' tü tū dy/ tuva/to tu tuvai tu/tui ty ty ty tu/tuwe
te- thee dih/dich þē/thee þik tüa te te cię/ci
iuh- ye jūs/jūs jus ir/ihr gē/you ykkr/yðr humeis yuyam yuzem
wos- you vas vos vos was vy
kwo- who kush kuiš ov-inč' kas/kas /cía hwas hwër/wer hwā/who hverr tis ka- kus kâča či /ki quis poei kto kto kus/kŭse
s(w)e refl. 3rd pers pronoun sien; sin savo/sevi sik sih/sich; sin/sein sin/-- sik; sinn heos sva se; suus se sja ve

[edit] Numerals

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
1- oino- one një/nji aīns vienas/viens oinos óin/aon un ains ein/eins ān/one einn oios eka akh ev aēuua iu/jeu aiva/yak ūnus uinus uns edinŭ jeden odin
1- sem- one gjithë san sñta mi/mek/meg sa/ samhail hafal sama saman/zusammen sum/some sami heis sa-kr.t sâ~ hakeret hama/hamin semel sam sas/s.e
2- dwo- two dy dā- tuwa erku/yerku/yergu dwāi du/divi vo dá/dó dau twai zwei twā/two tveir duō dva zū' dü duua dyuuæ/duuæ duva/do duo dus tuf dŭva dwa dva wu/wi
3- trei- three tre tri- trei erek'/yerek' tri trys/trīs treis treí/trí tri þreis drī/drei þrēo/three þrír treis tri tre tre θri ærtæ çi/se trēs tris trif trĭje trzy tri tre/trai tri- thri-
4- kwetwer- four katër teteri č'ork'/č'ors keturjāi keturi/četri petor cethir/ceahair pedwar fidwor feor/vier fēower/four fjórir tessares catur tsor što čaθwar cyppar/cuppar /čahār quattuor petora petor četyri cztery četyre śtwar/śtwer ketri-
5- penkwe- five pesë hing/hing/hink pēnkjāi penki/pieci pempe cóic/cúig pump fimf fimf/fünf fīf/five fimm pente pañca pā.~tsh puč pan.ča fondz panča/panj quinque pompe pumpe pętĭ pięć pjat' päñ/piś pinke
6- swek's- six gjashtë vec'/vec' usjai šeši/seši suex sé chwech saihs sēhs/sechs siex/six sex heks s.as. śe s.u xš.uuaš æxsæz /šeš sex sehs sehs šestĭ sześć šest' s.äk/s.kas ses-
7- septm.- seven shtatë šipta- evt'n/yot'/yot'ĕ septīnjai septyni/septiņi sextan secht/seacht saith sibun sibun/sieben seofon/seven sjau hepta sapta sath sut hapta avd /haft septem seften sedmĭ siedem sem' s.äk/s.kas
8- ok'tōu- eight tëte aitãta- ut'/ut'/ut'ĕ astōnjai aštuoni/astoņi oxtū ocht wyth ahtau ahto/acht eahta/eight átta oktō as.t.a ā.t.h us.t. ašta ast ašta/hašt octō uhto osmĭ osiem vosem' okät/okt
9- newn.- nine nëntë/nândë ñuñtãta- inn/inn/innĕ newīnjai devyni/deviņi navan nói/naoi naw niun niun/neun nigon/nine níu ennea nava nav nu nauua nava/noh novem nuven nuvim devętĭ dziewięć devjat' ñu
10- dek'm.- ten dhjetë/dhetë tasn/tas/dasĕ desīmtan dešimt/desmit decam deich deg taihun zēhen/zehn tīen/ten tíu deka daśa da.h duc dasa dæs daθa/dah decem deken desem desętĭ dziesięć desjat' śäk/śak dece-
20- wīk'm.tī- twenty njëzet/njizet k'san vocontio fiche ugain eikosi vin.śati vuh vici visaiti /bist vīgintī wiki/ikäm.
100- k'm.tom hundred šimtas/simts cét/cead cant hund hunt/hundert hundred/hundred hundrað hekaton śata śath sata/satem sædæ /sad centum sŭto sto sto känt/kante
1000- teus-k'm.ti thousand tukstantis/tūkstots þusundi þūsunt/tausend þusend/thousand þúsund tysõšti' tysiąc tysjača tumane/tmām
per- foremost->first i parë para pariy pirmas/pirmais er yr furist/Fürst; fruo/früh fyrst/first fyrstr prōtos prathama pürük paoiriia fyccag-farast/farast primus perum pert pierwszy pervyj parwät/parwe

[edit] Directions

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
en in in/ yn in /in in/in í en in on-
eghs out ex- ess-/ ex ex izu iz
(s)uper over ver- for/ ufaro ubar/über ofer/over yfir hyper upari upairi bar/abar super
(s)upo under up-zi iup uf/auf upp/up upp hypo upa zir sub
ambhi around ambi- imb-/ /um ymbe/-- um aiphi abhitah aiwito ambi oba ámpi
medhyo- between mēj/mēč medis/mežs medi-os midjis mitti/Mitte ælemidde/middle meðal madhyah pâmüč mian medium mefiaí między meždu metu
bhudhmen bottom bun/pun bond/ bôn bodam/boden botm/bottom botn puthmēn budhnah bŭnō bon fundus

[edit] Kinship

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
manu- person žmonės/-- manna man/Mann mann/man maðr manus- mânša man-us mozi muž
nō-m.n name emër/êmën lāman anm-en ainm/ anu namo namo/Name nama/name nafn onoma nāmah nom nama nāma/nām nōmen nome ime imja nom/nem
wī-ro- man wirs vyras/vīrs gwyr fer/ Gwr wair wer/Werwolf wer/werewolf vīra- vīra- vir viru wir
hner man ayr anēr nar ner anar
gwen- woman zonjë kin/gin genno ben benyw qino quena/-- cwēn/queen kona gunē gnā/jani- zanānū' gənā /zan zena žena
an- ancestor hannas han ane anyta/-- eontr ano/ahn annis/anōn nia/niakan anus vnuk ana
pəter- father ātir athir/athair gwaladr fater/Vater fæder/father faðir patēr pitā petū'r fyd/ pitā/pedar pater patir pater pācar/pācer
māter- mother motër mayr motina/māte mātir máthir/máthair modryb muoter/Mutter mōdor/mother mōðir mētēr mātr. mā.j motr mad/madæ mādar māter maatreis matrer mati matka mat' mācar/mācer mater
bhrāter- brother yeġbayr/yeġpayr brati brolis/brālis brātir bráthir/bráthair brawd brōþar bruoder/Bruder brōþor/brother bróðir phrātēr bhrātar boy br.o ærvad/ brātā/barādar frāter fratrom bratru brat pracer/procer bra' brater
swesor- sister k'uyr sesuo/-- suiior siur/siúr chwaer swistar swester/Schwester sweostor/sister systir eor/-- svasar- sus shanhar- xahar soror sestra siostra sestra s.ar/s.er
sunu- son ustr soūns sūnus/-- sunus sunu/Sohn sunu/son sonr nios sūnu- hunu- synu syn syn se/soyä
dhugəter- daughter dustr/tusdr duckti duktē/ duxtīr tohter/Tochter dohtor/daughter dóttir thugatēr duhitar- jü doxtar dusti doč' ckācar/tkacer
daiwer- husband's brother taigr/daikr dieveris/dieveris zeihhur/-- dāēr devar- lēvir dever'
swek'rū mother-in-law vjehërr skesur/sgesur šešuras chwegr swaíhrō swigur/Schwieger swēor/-- sväära ekurā śvaśrū- č.uč. xvasura- socrus świekra svekrov'
snus-os daughter-in-law nu snoru/-- nuos snushā- nurus snŭkha snecha
g'əlōu- brother's wife galōs glōs zlŭva zolovka gelaros
yenəter- brother-in-law's wife ner jentė/ietere einatēr yātar- iâri ianitrīcēs jatrov'
awon- grandfather/mother's brother hav awis avynas avontīr aue/ó ewythr awó óheim/Oheim ēam/-- aia avus/avunculus uy wuj uj
nepōt- grandson/nephew nip nepuotis/ nei niath/ nai /Neffe nefa/-- napāt- nâvo napāt- napā/nave nepōs netiy
widhewā- widow widdewu fedb/ gweddw widuwō wituwa/Witwe widuwe/widow eitheos vidhavā- viðavā- /beva vidua vidova wdowa vdova
ghos-ti stranger/guest gasts gast/Gast gestr hostis gosti gość gost'

[edit] Body parts

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
k'er- head karapen/garaben kerpetis /croí hirni/Hirn hjarni kare karparas sar /sar cerĕbrum čerep
kaput- head haubiþ /Haupt heafod/head hofuð kaput- caput
pilo- hair plaukas/plūksnas pilos pĭlus pleš
pula- hair ulach/ pula
bhru- brow wubri bruvis/-- bru/bruach /Braue brū/brow brún ophrus bhrus abru bruvi brew brov' pärwām./pärwāne abroutes
ous- ear vesh ausis/auss aus au/ auso ôra/Ohr éare/ear eyra ous usi usi gaušā/guš auris ucho uši
okw- eye sy ač'k' akis/acs enech/oineach enep augo ouga/Auge ēge/eye auga ophthalmos aks.i âče~ oculus oko oko ak/ek
nas- nose nazy nosis/nāss nasa/Nase nosu/nose nös nasa nâsur. nah nāham/ nasus nasu nos
ōs- mouth aish austo uosta/osta oss ōr/-- oss as/osthas âša aosta ōs usta
leb- lip llef /Lippe lippa/lip /lab labĭum lobzat'
dent- tooth dantis/ dant det/ dant tunþus zand/Zahn tōþ/tooth tǫnn odous/donti dantam dãd dut /dandān dentis ząb desna
dn.g'hū- tongue lezu insuwis liežuvis/-- tenge/teanga tafod tuggo zunga/Zunge tunge/tongue tunga jihva dic huzvan hazānam/zabān lingua jazyk
g'enu- cheek cnaut/dznaud žandas/zods genou gin/ kinnus /Kinn cin/chin kinn genos hanus zanu chaneh/goune gena sanwem azon
g'ebh- jaw gop /Kiefer ceafl/jowl keptr zafana zob
smek- chin mjekër zamakur mauruk/maurug smakras/smakrs smech smasru maxilla
bhardh-ā- beard barzda/bārda barf bart/Bart beard/beard barðr barba brada broda
moni neck maniakys muin/ mwnwgl /Mähne manu/mane mǫn mannon manya monīle monisto
omesos shoulder us ams ass ōmos amsa umĕrus es/āntse
k'ub- shoulder sup gogof hups huf/Hüfte hype/hip kubos śupti supti /šāne cubitus
arm- arm armunk/armung irmo arms /Arm earm/arm armr arthron/ irmas arm armus ramo
el- elbow olok/olog alkūnė/elkonis elin uilen/ elin aleina elina/elle eln/ell aln alas/oleon aratnis ulna lokot'
dous- forearm paduse doe dos daos pazuxa
g'hes- hand dorë kessar izre dzer.k'/cer.k' pažastis/-- kheir hastas düšt zasta praesto
men- hand munt/Vormund mund/-- mane manus
onogh nail yeġung/yeġunk nagas/nags eguin ingen/ ewin nagel/Nagel nægl/nail onohos anghri nakhara /nāxun unguis noguti nogot'
psten- breast gji stin/sdin spenis spenys/spenis sine/ spunni/Spanferkel spane/-- speni stēthos stana fštana pestan/sine
perk'- rib pirsys parsus parsum fars persi
pog- lap paksis paksas pectus pax passa
onbh- navel nabis naba imbliu/imleacán nabalo/Nabel nafela/navel nafli omphalos nabhya naf naba naf umbilīcus
udero- belly vedaras/vēders /wanst otheros udaram udaras del uterus/venter vedro bedro
pizda vulva pith pizda pizda
put- vulva puti vut/Fotze futh pūtĕō
pes- penis faselt/Fasel fæsl/-- fösull peos pasas pēnis
org'hi- testicle herdhe orjik/orčik arzus uirghe orkhis arazi
ors- arse arras or err/ /Arsch ears/arse ars orrhos
k'louni- buttock clun clun hlaun sroni slaunis sraoni clūnis
kroksko leg krake karka kiskum kraka okorok
ped- foot poshtë pata ot-/votk'/vodk' pe'da' pėda/pēda fotus fuoz/Fuß fōt/foot fótr podi padam pâdha fad/ /pa pēs per'i pe'š pieszy pešij pem./paiyye
g'enu- knee gienu geno kniu/Knie cnēo/knee kne gonu janu znum /zānu genū zveno kanwem Genua/Genava
kemək- kneecup kenkle/cinksla hēla/heel hæll kañkāla
persna heel parsina fairsna fërsana/Ferse fiersn/-- ptera parsni perna/pernis

[edit] Body organs

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
kwrep- body shkrep crí corff href/ hrif/midriff prapis krapa xrafstra corpus
nau- corpse nave nawe newyn naus not/ néo-/-- nár navi nav'/onava nut/naut
pel- skin pleinen /Fell filmen/film feldr pelos/pilon pellis pelena
tuakos skin tuekkas sakos tvacas
(k)ost- bone asht hastai oskr asgwrn ostoun asthi ât.i asti /ostexān os; costa kość kost' /ásta
g'wiya sinew jil/čil gysla/cīpsla gewyn bios jya ja jya fīlum žitsa žila
memso flesh mish mis mensa mimz menisk mamsam maz membrum mjaso misa
kreu- blood kraujas/ /crau/cru/ crau hrawer/roh hreaw/raw hrar kreas kravis kruva- cruor kruvi krew krov'
esr- blood ešar esêne- ariun --/asinis eiar asrak aser ysār/yasar
mozgo brain muzgeno marag/ majjas massunt mazga /maġz mózg mozg mäs's'unt
gwheleg'h- gland geġdz/keġc geležuones/dziedzeris eleza
reusmen- throat rhumen romantha rumen
pleu-mon lung plausas pleumōn kloman pljuče
k'erd- heart karts kride sird/sirt širdis/sirds craidd cride/croidhe craidd hairto herza/Herz heorte/heart hjarta kardia hr.daya zâra cor sreda serce serdce
yēkwr.- liver jeknos/aknas iuchair hēpar yaknas iâñi yakar/jigar /jegar jecur ikra
spleng'h- spleen p'aicaln blusne bluznis/ selg/ splēn plihan pr.u sparazan liēn slezena
g'hel- gall galla/Galle galla/gall gall khole fel żółć elč
lendh- kidney /lenden lendenu/-- lumbus ljadvie
gwelbh- womb wamba wamba/Wamme wamb/womb vomb delphus garbhas
gwrebh- womb /brommach brephos črevo
g'her- bowels jar/čar zarna/ garn/Garn gearn/yarn garn horion hirah hernia
eter- intestines anderk/anderg inathar/ entera antram jatro wątroba utroba
kakka excrement kakor/gagor /cacc cach /kacke kakkao (isfa.)keke cacare kaka

[edit] Human feelings and qualities

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
men- mind mitk'/midk' mintis muns /Minne gemynd/mind minni menos manas manah- manesh mens mineti mnit'
aiw- vital force aye/ever aiōn ayuh ayu aevum aym
swep- sleep gjumë k'nel sapnas súan/són hun swefan/-- svefn hupnos svapnas xvafna xab/xoft somnus son s.päm./s.pane
an- spirit anjn anal anal/ anysbryd andi eðian/-- anda anemos anas anĭmal vonja von'
g'eus- taste dashur guss/ kustus /kiesen ceosan/choose josati zaoso/zusto dauš-/ gustus gust
ters- dry ter tsarav þaursus durst/Durst þurst/thirst þurr tersesthai tarsna tarsu terra
sweid- sweat djersë k'rtink'/k'rdink' /sviedri chwys sweiz/Schweiss swæætan/sweat sveiti hidros svedate xvaeda- xosh sūdor
dakru- tear arc'unk' ašara/asara dēr/déar deigryn tagr zahar/Zähre tēar/tear tār dakru aśru asrū-azan lacrĭma ākär/akrūna
ghouros fear /gure gaurs graus ghoras žurit'
ghers- horror garsim/karsim grassa gortae/ gersta grahma
trudes- leprosy truneti trosc/ trutsfill truo trūdō

[edit] Celestial terms

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
sawel- sun (h)yll saulė/saule haul suil/ haul sauil sunna/Sonne sunne/sun sól hēlios suras su hvar xur/xorshid sōl slunice słońce solnce swāñce/swāñco
mens- moon/month muaj amis mėnuo/mēness mi/ mis mena mano/Mond mōna/moon mani mēn masas mos mahya /māh mensis meseci mesjac mañ/meñe
ster- star šittar astġ/asdġ sterenn seren stairno sterro/Stern steorra/star stjarna astēr tarah/strebhih r.âšto sthaly/ /setāre stella śre/śćirye
nebh- sky/cloud nepis debesis/debess nef nebul/Nebel nifol/-- nephos nabhas niru nebŭlō niebo nebo
leuk- light/bright lalukkes luga luys lauxnas laukas/lauks leux loscaim/loiscim llug liuhaþ lioht/licht lēoht/light leygr leukos rocate luka/r.uč roxan lūx Lúvkis Vuvçis luci lug luk
telp- space talpa /tallaim talm talpas tolpa --/tälp-

[edit] Times of day

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
aus- dawn aušra/ausma fair gwawr ōstra/Osten ēast/east austr hēos us.ās ušastara aurōra utro
agh- morn agon aige ahem jug
deien- day gdhin tiv/div diena die/dia/denus/ dydd sintīns lengizin/Lenz lencten/lent dinam nundinae dzień den'
wes-pero- evening gišer/kišer vakaras/vakars /fescor ucher veig hesperos vespera wieczór večer
nekw-t- night natë nekuz naktin naktis/nakts nocht innocht/anochd nos nahts naht/Nacht niht/night nōtt nuks nakti nox nosti noc noč' nakcu/nekcīye

[edit] Seasons

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
yēr- year jer jar/Jahr gēar/year ar iros yare dušiyaram/ hornus jaro
wet- year wiþrus widar/Widder weðer/wether veðr etos vatsah vetus
wes- spring garun/karun vasara/ var var ear vasantas vâsut vanri /bahār vēr vesna wiosna vesna
sem- summer amar. sam sam/ haf sumar/Sommer sumor/summer sumar sama ham
osen- harvest assanis asans aran/Ernte earnian/earn önn onopa jesień osen'
g'hei- winter dimër/dimën gima- dzmer./cmer. žiema/ziemas Giamillus gam gaeaf gōi kheima heman ze~ zimo /zemestān//dai hiems zima zima śärme/śimpriye

[edit] Atmosphere

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
k'ewero- northwind c'urt/c'urd šiaurys/-- skura scūr/Schauer scūr/shower skūr caurus severu sever
sneigh snow snaygis sniegas/ snigid/ nyf snaiws sneo/Schnee snāw/snow snjor nipha snihyati nix snegu śnieg sneg
grad- hail karkut/gargut gruodas/-- grando grad grad
yeg- ice iža/ieze aig/oighear ia ichil/gicht gicel/icicle jaki ikra
ei-s- ice īs/eis īs/ice íss isu/aexa ix /yax inej
sneudh- mist nudd nudd nuthon snaoda nubes
meldh- lightning mealde milna/-- molnija

[edit] Wholeness

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
solo- whole gjallë olj/olč oll/ holl holos sarvah sũdi haurva- sōlus cały salu/sol
semi- half sami- sami/-- sām-/sand-blind hēmisus sami sâmaũ sēmis
aiti- part aes aitios-aisa aeta- aeteis

[edit] Terrain

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
dhg'em- earth dhè tekan same žemė/zeme du/duine dyn gomo/Bräutigam guma/bridegroom gumi khthōn ks.a za.min zæxx/ zam/zamin humus huntruis hondomu zemlja ziemia zemlja tkam/kem. zemelo/zamelon semela
akmon stone akmen hammer hamarr akmōn acma asman kamień kamen'
g'embh- ledge->tooth dhëmb/dhamb camel/dzamel žambas/zobs comb/comb kambr gomphos jambhas kam/keme zâmoa gemma gęba/ząb zub kombous
gwere mount gur ler giria deiras giris gairi góra gora
agras field art/ard akrs achar/Acker acre akr agros/agrestis ajrah ager ager
lendh- steppe lindan landa- land/lann llan /Land land/land land ledina ljada
gues- forest gethi questa/ guspita vespice xvorost
leug- puddle legate liugas Lugu-dunum lugaios luja lugas
lat- swamp Latuva Arelate laith llaid /letten latas
mori- bog mary marios/mare Aremorici muir/ mor meri/Meer mersc/marsh maryada mare more
laku- pond lič/lij Lakajai /loch lagu/ lagu/-- lakkos lacus
eg'hero- lake assaran ežeras/ezers Akherōn ezero jezioro ozero oseriates
akwa- river akwanzi upė/ aha aha/Ache īg/island á ap aqua Oka
wedor water ujë watar get/ked wundan vanduo/ūdens uisce/uisge dŵr watō wazzar/Wasser wæter/water vatn hudōr udan- odūr unda utur voda woda voda war bedu bedu udrēnas
poimno- foam spainė/ veim/Feim fām/foam phena fink pumex pena pena

[edit] Fire

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
paəwr. bonfire pahhur hur fiur/Feuer fyyr/fire furr pur pu afruz/afruxt pir požar por/pūwar
egni- fire agnis ugnis/agnus agni ignis ogn' ogień
dhu- smoke dumis dūmai/dūmi dē/dumhach dub dauns toup/toben dōmian/dusk daunn thumos dhumas /dud fumus Mefit dym dym twe/tweye
pers- dust pappars parsla/pīšļi fors pr.sati paršuya- perst' pärs-

[edit] Parts of trees

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
deru- tree dru/drû taru car./dzar. drawine derva/dreve Dervus derucc/ derwen triu trēow/tree trē drus dāru/dāru dâa dāuru /deraxt durus drzewo derevo or
g'hasto- stick gass hasta hostatu
g'hazdho- stick gat gazds gart/Gart gād/goad gaddr žedr'
k'ak- branch thekë čyuġ/jyuġ sagnis šaka/saka gēc/gēag hōha huohili/ śakha coa soxa
dherghen- thorn drignės/drigenes draigen/ draen tirnpauma/dirnbaum drāks.a deren
wred- root rrënjë frém/fréamh gwraidd vaurts wirz/Wurz wyrt/wort rōt rhiza vardhati rādīx vred
gwetw resin bedwen beithe kuti/Kitt cudu/cud kvāða jatu bitūmen
kel- glue klejai kolla klej klej

[edit] Flora

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
bhāgo- beech Bāgācon buohha/Büche bēce/beech bōk phugos fāgus buzina
perkwu- oak perkunas perth foraha/Föhre furh/fir fura parkati quercus
bhereg'- birch berse beržas/bērzs birihha/Birke birce/birch bjork bhūrjah. bärz frāxinus breza bereza berzas
klen- maple klevas/kļava kelyn kelyn hlin/linn hlynr klen klino-trokhon
ol- alder alanzan aliskande alksnis/ alisa elira/Erle alor/alder alr alnus olcha olxa alixa
os- ash ah hachi woasis uosis/osis onnen asc/Esche æsc/ash askr oksua ornus osina
apsa aspen opuse/ aspa/Espe æspe/aspen ösp
eywo- yew aigi/aiki ieva/īve iva eo/ ywen iwa/Eibe īw/yew yr iva
grabh- hornbeam/oak skroblas/skābardis Graboui grab grabion
wyg'h- elm vidh vinkšna/vilksna wice/Wych Elm viz (Kurdish) vjaz
g'heluna pine jelun/čelun giolnar kheilos
elwn- cedar addle/egle odocos ebulus el'
koslo- hazel kasulas coll coll/ Hasel hæsl/hazel hasl corulus
ar- nut arrë arna orzech orex
abl- apple woble obuolys/ābols avallo uball/ubhall afal aphul/Apfel æppel/apple eple abalas janloko jabłko jabloko
ker- cherry keras/kirna ceiriosen craf keradion čerenok/koren'
rap- turnip rōpē/ raba/Rübe rhapus rapum repa repa
krem- onion kermušē/cermauksis crem/creamh hramsan/ramson kremeon
ōg- berry uoga āirne akran ēker/Ecker æcern/acorn akarn vinjaga jagoda oko
mor- blackberry muri mori merwydden /smēār mwyar moron mōrum
k'alam- reed salme /salms halm/Halm healm/haulm halmr kalamos culmus soloma kulmãm.ts
koino- grass xot/xod šienas/siens koina seno

[edit] Insects

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
morwi- ant morr mrjiun/mrčiun merva moirb maurr murmēs vamras maoiri /mour formica mravie mrówka
bhei- bee bletë bitte bitis becos bech/bech begegyr bīa/Biene bēo/bee bǖn/bý fūcus pszczoła pčela
wopsa wasp vapsa/ guahi foich/ wafsa/Wespe wæps/wasp gvabz ušpik vawzaka vespa vosa osa
mu- fly mizë mun muse mucka/Mücke mycg/midge mý muia ma.čh /magas musca mucha muxa
blousa flea plesht lu blusa psulla plus.i pulex bloxa
knid- louse thërijë anic/anidz gnida nedd gneis konis gnida
kwr.mi- grub krimb kirmis/cērme cruim/ pryf krmi kalm /kirm čermnyi červ'

[edit] Water animals

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
dhg'hu- fish dzuk/cug žuvis/zivs ikhthus
peisk- fish /iasc pysgodyn fisks fisc/Fisch fisc/fish fiskr piscis piskorz piskar'
laks- salmon lalasso lašiša/lasis lahs/Lachs leax/-- lax losos losos' laks/läks
angwi- eel angis/angurgis ung/ unc egkhelus anguis už/ugor'
konkho- shell konkhos sankha conguius koncha
wr.mi- worm vord/vort wormyan varmas/-- gwraint waurms wurm/Wurm wyrm/worm ormr rhomos vermis vermie

[edit] Birds

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
awi- bird hav hwyad aetos vih avayas avis
eor- eagle haras arciv/ardziv erelis/ er eryr ara arn/Aar earn/erne ǫrn ornis orzeł orel
worn- raven varna brana bran vorona --/wrauña
qor- raven krauklys/ hraban/Rabe hræfn/raven hrafn koraks corvus
trozdos thrush strazdas/ truid drudwy droscala/Drossel þrysce/thrush þröstr turdus drozgu drozd
aneti- duck ántis anut/Ente ened/-- ǫnd atih anas utie
g'hans- goose sansy žąsis/zoss geiss/ gansus gans/Gans gōs/goose gās khun ham.sa zā /gaz ānser gęś gus'
teter- grouse tatrakm tatarwis teterva/teteris tethra/ þiðurr tetraōn tittiras /tadarv teterev
sperg- sparrow spurglis sparwa sperk/sperling spearwa/sparrow spörr sparasion /parasto parra s.pār/s.pāra-
ger- crane kerunk gerwe garnis/ garan krano/Kranich cran/crane trana geranos grūs žuravl'
petra- wings pittar eterin /Feder feðer/feather fjöðr pteryx/ patram /par penna pero
niz-do nest nist net/net nyth nest/Nest nest/nest nidas nīdus gnezdo gniazdo gnezdo

[edit] Beasts

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
g'hwer- beast zveris/ ther ferus zveri zwierzę zver'
maghos young animal makth mac Magu-rix maug/ meudwy magus magad/Magd mægð/maid mær maghava
s-tauro bison tauris tauras/tauriņš tarvos tarw stiur /Stier steor/steer stjorr tauros staora taurus turu tur
r.tk'o- bear ari arj/arč art arth arktos rksa ic xirs ars ursus
wl.kwo- wolf ujk-ulk gayl/kayl wilkis vilkas/vilks vail faol wulfs wolf/Wolf wulf/wolf ūlfr lukos vr.ka vehrka- varka/gorg lupus vluku wilk volk --/walkwe
epero- boar Vepriai/vepris/vepris ebur/Eber eofor/-- vapati aper/vepres apruf vepr'
bhi-bhru beaver bebrus bebras/bebrs Bibrax befer bibar/Biber beofer/beaver bjōrr babhrus bawra fiber bóbr bobr
udras otter udra/udris /odar; uydr//odoirne/ ottar/Otter oter/otter otr hudros udras udra lutra vydra wydra vydra
wewer- squirrel vaveris/vāvere gwywer eihhurno/Eichhorn ācweorna/-- īkorni /varvarah vīverra wiewiórka veverica
eg'hi- hedgehog ozni ežys/ezis igil/Igel igil/-- īgul ekhinos wyzyn jeż ež eksis/eksis
netr- snake nathir/neidr nathir/ neidr nadrs natara/Natter naeddre/adder naðr natrix
mūs- mouse mi muk/mug muse/ mus/Maus mūs/mouse mūs mūs mūs. musa mus /muš mūs mysu mysz myš'

[edit] Home animals

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
k'won- dog shakë śuwanis šun sunis šuo/suns cuna cū/cú ci huns hunt/Hund hund/hound hundr kuon/cynic śvan hūn spā canis suka ku kinu- kunes dinu-
ek'wo- horse aśuwas esbe- ēš ašva/āži epo ech ebol eoh/-- hippos aśva ušpa aspa/asb equus yuk/yakwe es' esvas
gwou- cow/bull kov/gov --/guovs bō/bo /Kuh cū/cow kú bous gaus gāv go --/gāv buv- bum govjado ko/keŭ
lōp- cow lopë lāeg llo /lops
uksin- ox, bull auhsa/ych /Ochse oxa/ox oxi uksa uxshan-
su- swine thi --/sivēns socc/ hwch sū/Sau sū/sow sú hus sukaras sūs sif świnia svin --/suwo
pork'o- farrow parstian paršas/-- orc farah/Ferkel fearh/farrow porkos purs porcus porosja
ag'- goat ozys ag/agh ajah azak jazno koza
owi- sheep hawi- hoviv avis ōi/ ewig ēowu/ewe ois avika ovis owca ovca --/āuw
agwhno- lamb ūan/uan oen eanian/yean amnos agnus habina yagn' jagnię agnec
kat- cub hathna catulus katel vykot
k'er- horned one karve carw hiruz/Hirsch heorot/hart hjörtr keraos cervus krava

[edit] Animal products

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
owye- egg ve-vo oi ŵy /Ei ææg/Cockney egg oion aia->aika avis/ovum jajco
melit honey mjaltë milit meġr mel mil/ mêl milltou/Mehltau mildēaw/mildew melitos mel/mellis/mulsus
medhu- mead medus/ mid/ medd Metu/Met meodu/mead mjǫðr methu madhu mura madu medu miód med mit
alu-d beer alus ealu/ale öl aleupon alumen ol
glag- milk galank gala lac
ksweid- milk sviestas/sviests ksvidyati xšvīd
selp- butter gjalpë salpa- salbon salba/Salbe sealf/salve helpos sarpis carv/ /čarbi s.älyp/s.alype
suro- cheese hirrë suras surr ser syr
smeru- grease smarsas/ smer- smiur/ mer smero/Schmer smerian/smear smyrva smuris medulla /s.mare
moisos hide maisas meiss mesas maesi->mes mex
wlna wool hulana vilna/ gwlan wulla wolla/Wolle wull/wool ull lenos urna varena vellus vluna vulna
k'ern- horn corn haurn horn/Horn horn/horn horn keras crengam s.iN srva cornus serna

[edit] Vegetable food

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
g'rə-no- corn syrne žirnis/zirnis grán grawn kerno/Korn corn/corn korn jirnas grānum zerno
peluos flour pelwo pelūs/pelus palavas palea polova
bhares spelt bara barizīns bærlic/barley barr farina far far brašno brisa
puro- crops puras/ fyrs/furze puros puras pyrej
yewo- wheat ewa- javas/jauja eorna/ zeia yavas yavanha /jav ovin
urughya rye rugis rugys/rudzi roggo/Roggen ryge/rye rugr rož
gherzdh- barley drithë /Gerste kri hordeum
awig'- oats wyse aviža/auza āte/oat aigilops avasam avēna ovës
bhabha bean bathë babo ffâen bona/Bohne bēan/bean baun faba bob
eregwo- pea orbaind/ arawīg/erbse orobos ervum
k'iker pea siser.in kekē/ krios cicer

[edit] Other products

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
lino- flax lini linas lin/ llin lein lin/Leinen lin/linen lin linon linum len
sali- salt gjelbson aġ sals salann/ halen salt /Salz sealt/salt salt als sale salu soli sól sol' --/salyiye
g'hel- gold sealtmeno želta/zelts gulþ gold/Gold gold/gold gull hiran.ya zaranya- daraniya-/ helvus zlato złoto zlato glunea
ayes- metal Isarnodori iarn/iarann haearn aiz er/Erz ār/ore eir ayas ayaNh /ahan aes ahesnes

[edit] Tools

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
aguesi axe /Axt æx/axe øx adzi ascia
arqu- bow ercis arhuazna arwe/arrow örvar arkeuthos arkas arcus rakita
aik- spear/pike ayculo/aysmis aikloi/iktea/aihun isar ico/icere igla
ke(n)g- hook kenge cheng /Haken hoc/hook haki kogot'
skeb- knife skabus /Schaff skepja scabere skoblit'
skap- tool kep skaplis/kapas skaft/ skopelos/kopos capus skopit/kopat
mat- hack matog matog modela matyam mateola motyka
mak- pouch dantimax makas/maks mēn/ megin mago/Magen maga/maw magi mosina mošna
tark- spindle tarkue torc drahsil/ atraktos tarkus torqueo torok tark
gweri- millstone yerkan/yergan breuan kuerna/ cweorn/quern kvern gravan girna ernov
yeug- yoke jugan luc/ludz jungas iou iau juk joh/Joch geoc/yoke ok zugos yugam iu jug /yoġ jugum igo yuk-
kwel- wheel/chariot sjell kelan kelis/celis cul/-- hwēol/wheel hjōl kuklos cakram čaxra calx/ čarka/čarx colus koło koleso kukäl/kokale
rot- wheel rrath ratas/rats Rotomagus /rath rhod rad/Rad rodur/ ratha ratho rota
nau- ship anije nav nau/ noe nōwend/-- nōr naus nāuh. navāza nau/ /nav/nāviyā/ navis
bak- staff bacc/bac bach bakton baculum

[edit] Dwelling

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
dem- house tun/dun dimstis/ tŷ zimbar/Zimmer timber timbr domos damas u dâmoa dam domus dom
treb- dwelling trōba/traba dīthrub/ treb/tref þaúrp thorf/Dorf þorp/thorp ðorp/þorp teremnon trabēs triibum tremnu
rebh- roof ribb/rib rif erepho rebro
ghrendh- beam grindis/grida grindil/ grindel/ grind ugr.a grunda grzęda grjada
kantho- corner kantem cant kanthos cantus kąt -kut-
ank- angle hink anka/āķis ēcath/ anghad ango/ angi ogkos aNkas anku-pəsəmna ængur ancus ugol
dhwer- door derë dur./tur. durys/durvis doro dorus/doras dôr daur tor/Tür duru/door dyrr thura dvaras du / dar fores furo/foro drzwi dver' --/twere
g'her- fence gardh gardas/aizgalds gort/ garth garto/Garten geard/yard garðr khortos grahas hortus grad erd' gordum
pent- road hun pintis /ēs /finden findan/find finna pontos/patos panthās put fandag/pantā pontis put'
bherg'h- fort parku- bardzut'iun/partsut'iun Bergusia brī/ bre baírgahī berg/Burg burg/borough borg/bjarg brahant brzant- /baru bereg pärk- bergas

[edit] Social terms

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
teutā- tribe tuzzi- tuta toda tauta/ teuto tuath/ þiuda diutisc/Deutsch þeoð/-- tudeh tōtus touta tota teuta
leudh- people liaudis/ļaudis luss/ liut/Leute ljóðr eleutheros rodhati raoda- liber lud liud
weik- village vis viešas/viesis weihs/ wic/ oikos vic vis vicus wieś ves'
reg- ruler rix/recto raihts reht/recht riht/right réttr oregein rajah rex/regere
ner- power njer noras/ nerth neuron nar niru nervus nrav
yewes law huisse/ yoh yaozda jus
ala greeting aluoti /Hallo /hello alala alala ole
peku- wealth/cattle pilë pecku pekus faihu /vieh feoh/fee fé pekto pasu pasu pak pecus/pecunia
mizdho- fee mizdo /miete misthos midham mizdam mozd mzda
wesno- price ussaniya gin/kin honos vasnam venum veno
k'at- quarrel catu /Hass hatian/hate hatr catrus/satayati kotora
koro- war karas cuire /Heer herebeorg/harbour herr koiranos kara karzar kara
weik'- victory veikti/veikt fichim wigan/-- veig vincere vek
deiw-os god, i.e. 'shining' dievas/dievs deus duw Tyz Ziu/-- Tiw/Tuesday Týr theos-Zeus devas di deus divo tios
bal power, strength odbal/ beltión bala bâlim bilis bolee

[edit] Verbs

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
bheue- to be buti/ bi'u/ bod bim/bin beon/be phu- bhū bu bi/bud fui/futuros byti być byt'
es- to be është/âsht asa ē esti/ ist ist/ist is/is es esti asti asti astiy/ast est sent jesti jest est' s.e/s.ei
g'enə- to give birth gentis/ geno- ro-genar/ geni kuni kind/Kind cyn/kin kind genos/genesis jajana zut zanaite zadan genus zjat' cin zenis
gweiə- to live me jetu gyvoti bitu bethu//bethu/ byd quec/keck cwicu/quick kvikr zoion; bios jivati jīvah/ vivere jivot žit'
bheud- to wake budeti/ buide/ /bieten bēodan/bid bod pepusmai budhyate/budhas bidi buidyeti bidar bljudo budzić budit'
pneu- to breathe fnysa pneuma praneu
kwas- to cough kollje koseti casad /husten hósta kasate kâsa kaszleć kašljat'
smei- to laugh smaidit miad/ smieron/-- smearcian/smirk meidos smayate co(s)mis smejo śmiać się smejat' smi-
prai- to like prieks rhydd frijja /Freund frēond/friend frændi praos priyas frya prijati przyjaźnić się prijat'
leubh- to love laps liaupse/ /lieben lufu/love ljúfr lubhyati libido l'ubu lubić lubit'
eibh- to copulate eiba/-- oibu yabhati jebać ebat' oibalos
sneubh- to woo numphios nubere snubiti snubit'
g'eme- to marry amusnanal dzamos jamatar zamatar damad
ed- to eat utel/udel edmi itan /essen etan/eat eta edo admi/atti ad edo eda
gwreugh- to bite me gicë xajt'el brwyn kriustan grauzti gryźć gryzt'
poi- to drink pi /ibim pio payate/pitis bibo pić pit'ë
leig'h- to lick lëpij luzel ligim/ leckôn/lecken liccian/lick sleikja leikhein ledhi liza lis lingere lizać lizat'
sp(y)eu- to spit spiauti/ spiewan spiwan/speien spiwan/spew spyja ptuein spuere pljuju
reug- to vomit vorcam/vordzam riaugti/raugietis rouhhan/rauchen/itruchen/ rēocan/reek reykja ereugomai /āroġ rūctāre rzygać rygat'
wem- to vomit vemiu/ væma emein vamati vam- vomere
perd- to fart pjerth-pordh per(d)sti ferzan/furzen feortan/fart freta perdein pardate pierdzieć perdet' perdomai
dhrei- to defecate derkti drita dardainei foria dristat'
meigh- to urinate mizel mizti maihstus māsc/mash miga omeihein mehati maezati mezga --/miśo
dre(m)- to sleep tartam/dardam darthanō/ drayati dormiō drzemać dremat'
suergh- to be ill sergu serg/ saurga soraga/Sorge sorg/sorrow sorg surksati sraga
mer- to die mer.nil mirti marvos marb/ marw maurþr /Mord morþor/murder morð emorten marati mr.e miryeite maryn/ martahyā/mordan mortus mrutvu umrzeć meret'
magh- to be able magus /vermögen meaht/might mega magus mogti mogę
weid- to see-> to know gitem/kidem wizzan/wissen wit vita veda vūčhūn vaeda vida/hodeida/peida videre widzieć vedat' wit
g'en- to know njeh kanes canot'/dzanot' žinoti /gnath /kennen cnāwan/know kenna gignōmi jñā- zānun adana zon/ xšnasatiy/ cognoscō znati znat' knān-/nān-
werə- to speak ueria vardas /Wort word orð eiro vrata urvata verbum vrat'
k'leu- to hear slave clu hliuþ hlut/laut hlud/loud hljóð kleos/Hēraklēs cravas sravah clarus slovo klyos cleves
nem- to count nuoma/ nem/ niman /nehmen nome/numb nema nemō numerus
med- to advise mit/mid meddu ææmtig/empty meta medousa masti meditor
gebh- to have gabenti gabi giban /geben giefan/give gefa habere gobina
aug- to increase augti/augu aukan ouhhon/auch eacan/eke auka auksanō ugras auctis ok-/auk-
dhe- to set, put dai- deti dede gadeths /tun dōn/do dalidun tithenai/ dadhati dadaiti ada/ facere fakust dziac' delat' dak-
do- to give dhashë da da- tal/dal dátweí duoti doenti tabur/tabhair doron dadati dī dadātuv/dādan dare dida dati dać dat' dadón
lau- to acquire luag/ laun laia/leia lotram lucrum lovit'
mei-n- to change mainas moin/ gamains gimeini/gemein gemæne/mean menis munus menjat'
kwrei- to buy gnel/knel krienis crenim/ prynn priasthai krīn.āti kuryar/käry-
k'lep- to steal goġnal/koġnal auklipts slepti cluain hlifan /klauen klepto clepo
leugh- to tell a lie lugoti liugan liogan/lügen leogan/lie ljúga lgat'
mei- to deceive mashtrim maju mimos mayate majat'
dhreugh- to deceive /Traum drēam/dream draugr druhyati druzaiti dorugh
gang- to mock canc gaggainein ganjah gugnja
ghleu- to joke glauda glēo/glee gleyma hleun glupyj
(s)tai- to hide tajezzi taid/ tetao stayat tayu- tait'
dhers- to dare dyrsos giturran/-- dearr/dare thrasos dharsanah darš-/ druzate derzkij
wedh- to lead vjeth varel vedu /fedim weddian/wed vadhus vadu vedu
weg'h- to ride vjez /bewegen weigh/wegan vega vahati vazaiti veho/vezti vezti
bher- to bear bie berel/perel baras beirem/berim/brith bairan burde beran/bear bera pherō bharati bor baraiti baratuv/bār fero fertu berati beru pär- ber
stā- to stand stoti sistat standan stantan/stehen standan/stand standa staya ista sto stahu stać stat' eistani
k'lei- to lean linim kletis/slieti cle /lehnen hleonian/lean klinē srayati srinu- clino klet'/sloj
sed - to sit sedlon sezzal/; sitzen sadol/saddle sitja ella sella siedzień sedlo/selo
leg'h- to lie down lega' laigim/lige liggan/liegen lecgen/lie lexos; lekhesthai lectus lego leżeć lejat'
ei- to go eiti eimu iddja eode/-- eimi eti ie aeiti ai/bia ire ier idti i-
gwem- to come gal/kal /kommen cuman/come gamat âca jamaiti gam venio kum-/käm-
leikw- to leave lkel/lgel liekas leicid/ /leihen leipo linguo
dra- to flee trel/drel drebeti trappel dromos drati/dramati drapat' drava
k'ers- to run kark/garg carros epikouros/sarsai curro/cursus
pleu- to flow plauti flowen/fliessen flēogan/fly pleusis plavate pulmo plavat'
preu- to jump frowen/Freude frogga/frog pravate prygat'
suep- to throw supuoti svapu/vapati supare/dissipare sypat'
leug'- to break lungë lucanel/ludzanel lauzti lucht/ luke lugros rujati uruxti lugere
tere- to cross over shtir tarhzi /durch þurh/through terthron-nektar tarati/avatar târa terminus čerez
sekw- to follow sekti sechim/ secg/-- seggr sacate hacaiti sequor
ap- to reach apanzi ap/ab apto aptah apayeiti apex oppacci
au- to help aviun Awo ewyll avati/avitar- aoman/avah- aukat' aulare
pet- to open arms pattar petys fæðm/fathom petalon patana patere
dhegwh- to burn djek degti daig/ dags dæg/day dahati dazaiti dëgot'/žget
tau- to melt tanam/danam tawdd tam/ tawadd douwen/tauen þawian/thaw þeyja tēkō toyam thayun tabere tajati tayat'
steg- to cover stiegti tech/ /deck þæc/thatch stegō sthagati tegere/toga/tectum stog
areg- to lock hark argel/arkel arkan arka argella argala arcere --/ārk-
gerbh- to scratch gërvish kerel/gerel girbin kerben grapho/grammo žrebij
orbho- work arpa- orb/orp orbe orbe/ arabeit/Arbeit earfoð/-- orphanos arbha orbus rabu robota rabota
se- to sow semens/seti saithe saian sawen/säen sāwan/sow sa semen/serere sejati seyat'/semja
are- to plow araur arti airim arddu arjan erian/-- arþr arou aro orja orać orat' are
bhel- to bloom blath/ /Blume blōstm/blossom blomi phyllon folium pält/pilta
kerp- to pluck sirpis sarf/--; /Herbst hærfest/harvest karpos/arpagē carpere/sarpio serp
neik- to winnow niekoti nithio neiklon
mele- to grind miell malla- malem malu melim melim/meilim malu malan malan/mahlen melo/meal mala mulos molere kumaltu melju malyw-/mely-
gwhen- to press gjanj kwen gan/kan ginti/dzit gonim/ gundfano/ gūþ/ gunnr theino/phonos hanti jainti ajanam/ dēfendō gnat'
deme- to tame damaazzi damnaim/ /zähmen tam/tame damnanai damyati dam domare
pas- to protect pahhsi fuotar/ fēdan/feed apastos pacyati pastum pasti pask
sne- to spin snate snáthe//snáth næædl/needle neo/nema snayati nere snovat'/osnova
teks- to weave tukstet duhen/ tikos textile tkat'
syu- to sew siuti seowian/sew syutas suere szyć šit'
rezg- to plait rezgis rysce/rush rajju restis rozga
eu- to dress aganum/akanum auti/aviu aotra exuo/induo obuv'
neigw- to rinse nigid/ nix nikr nidzo nenekti noegeum
loua- to wash lauzi loganam/lokanam lautro loathar/ louga/Lauge lēðran/lather laug louein lavare
dheig'h- to mold tais dāg/dough teichos dehah fingere testo
pekw- to cook pjek poeth pepsis pacati puk pech päk-
kuep- to boil kapitem kupuoti hvap kapnos kupyati cupere kipet' kāp-
ked- to fume kadegis kedros kadrum kadit'
ongw- to anoint aucanem/audzanem amenen ancho anakti unguo
wegwh- to vow yuzem eihomai vaghat vaganti vovere
prek'- to ask prasyti frahen/fragen fricgan/-- pracnas frasa precor prositi prosit' prak/pärk
gwer- to praise grish girtwei girti/dzirt bard/bárd bardd gr.nāti grātēs žrec krant-/krent-
ghwen- to sound zeh jain/čain zvenet'
swonos- sound swan/Schwan swan svanr svanas sonus dźwięk
k'wei- to whistle svyksti hvinan/whistle hvina svist
kan- to sing canim/ canu hana /Hahn hen/hen kanaso cano kanyuk kan
leig- to dance laigyti loig/ laiks leich/ lāc/-- leikr ligaino rejati lizim (Kurdish) likovat'
wes- to feast uesi gwest wist/ vastoh vastra vescor
serpe- to creep gjarpër herpō sr.p so.rūph serpō
gwhen- to strike, to kill bana/bane bani /Bahn han /zahr dēfendere
webh- to weave weban/weben wefan/weave vefa huphē ubhnati baftan/
wekw- to speak wackis /erwähnen ops vacas vac- vōx vak/vek
wē- to blow huwantis vejas/ feth/ waian/wehen weder/weather vindr aemi vā- vata ventus vejati
wet- to blow, inspire Wōden/Wednesday Ōðinn Wuotan/Wotan/atmos fáith/ vennus
tong- to think thangë þangkjan thenken/denken þencan/think þekkja tongēo tanginúd tunk/tankw
srobh- to gulp gjerbë arbi/arpi srub rhopeō sorbēo
bhlē- to bleat blegë /blēt blæætan/bleat belazō fleō blejat'
saus- to dry tha sausā sausa/saus sōrēn/-- sēar/sear hauos/ śus.yati haoš uška/xošk sūdus suxoj

[edit] Adjectives

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
meg'- great madh mekkish mec/medz maige mikils mihhill/-- micil/much mikill megas mahas mazant magnus māk/mākā mag meka-
mei- small meiu- mins /minder minsian/-- minnr meiōn minor men'še
wesu- good wasu vesels uesu vasu vanhu vesëlyj yasi ves vasu
dus- bad tuz- zur-/-- dys- dus- duš-/
kailo- sane coilou/coel hailags heil/ hālig/holy heilagr koilu salvis tselyĭ
kal- handsome hæælþ/health kallos kalya
k'wen- holy sventas hunsl spanyah święty svatoj
upo-s high uxello /uas uchel hypsi uxellus vysokij
dheub- deep dubos dubno- diups /tief dyyfan/dive diupr buthos duplo dubris
sen- old hin senas sen hen sineigs sina enos sana hana senex
newo- new newa nor nauns naujas/ Nevio- nue/ newydd niujis niuwi/neu nīwe/new nýr neos navas nōv nuĩ nava nog/ /now novus Nuvellum nowy novyj ñu/ñuwe
nu- now tani nu teinu nu/nu nu nu/nun nū/now nū nu/ nū nūra/ nunc nu num./nano
yeu- young jaunas/jauns Jovinc- óc/óg ieuanc/ieuanc juggs jung/jung geong/young ungr yunas yavan javan juvenis iuengar junu junyj
weg'- lively wakan wahhen/wachen wacan/wake vaka vajayati vazram vegeo wasir
las- eager loksnus lustus /Lust lust/lust lyst lilaiomai lasati lascivus laska
gal- naked gale/galva kalo/kahl kaurva kal/kacal calvus glava goły golyj
nogw- naked nekumant- nuogas nocht/ naqaþs nackt nacod/naked nakinn gumnos nagna nudus nagu- nagi
bhosos barefoot bok/pog basas/bass bar bær/bare berr psilos boso bosoj
aig- sick ingas/angus eikenn aeger jaga aikare
kaiko- one-eyed keikti cuic haihs kaikias kekara caecus
ster- sterile shtjerre sterj/sderč stero/ steira sterilis
dek's- right djathtë desine dexs de zeso/ dasina dexter destrame desnaya
layuo- left islaivoti lyft/left laios laevus lewy levyj levo
sewio- left aswy savyas haoya shuja --/saiwai
dheb- fat debīkan debelyj tpär/täpr
pasto- solid hast/hasd fastan festi/fest fæst/fast fastr pastyam
bheng'h thick panku pinguis bungo/ naxos bahu bazah pkante
tenu- thin teneu /dünn þynne/thin þunnr tanus tanus tenuis/tevas cienki tonkij
dlonghos- long gjatë dalugaes ilgas dala/loggos laggs /lang/lang/lang lang/long langr dolikhos dirghas dargam darga-/dirang longus długi dolgij
mreg'hu- short mergi/ mirige/merry brahea muruzu- brevis
ang'h- narrow anjuk/ančug eang aggwus /eng ongr agho ahema azanhe vjazat'
gwerə- heavy gursti cweorn/quern kvern baros guruh gouruh gran gravis krāmärts/krāmär
lengwh- lightweight lehtë lāngiseilingins lengva/liegs lugu/lugha llai līhts līht/leicht lēoht/light lēttr elakhistos laghu ragu levis liguku lëgkij lankŭtse
ok'us quick dioc okos āśu- āsu ōcior jastreb
bheres- lively bruzgus brys festino borzoj
toros loud tar- pardzradzajn/barcracajn tariu taran /torann toros taras taratorit'
kwei- quiet hveila hwila/Weile hwil/while hvila ciram syata- šiyatish/ quies/tranquillus pokoji pokoy
k'leu- clean šluoti/slaumi Cluad clir hlūttar/lauter hlūttor/ kludōn sareh cloāca sleza
swād- sweet suadu /süss swēte/sweet sœtr hēdus xvaēda xosh suavis słodki
kuath- sour cos kusuls hatho kvathas caseus kwaśny kvas
om- bitter hum amuols /ahm ampre/ omos amlam amarus
ak'r- sharp asrus/akstis ahs akros asrih acer ostr/ost'
gel- cold saltas klads /kalt ceald/cold kaldr gelandron sald sard gelus gelan hlad chłód
ghwer- warm zjarr war- jerm/čerm goro garas/gars fogeir/ bearnan/burn brenna thermos ghr.n.a- germi garəma garma/garm furnus požar germe germas
g'heu-d liquid gijoy/kičoy /giessen hota/deisa hutas/juhoti židkij
melk- wet->milk malkas melg/ miluks /Milch milc/milk mjolk melkion marjati mulceo mleko moloko malk-/mälk
plāk- flat /flach /fluke plas/pelagos plancus płaski ploskij

[edit] Colours

Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
reudh- red raudonas/ruds roudo- ruad/ rhudd rauþs rōt/rot rēad/red rjōðr eruthros rudhiras raoðita vard ruber Rufriis rufru rdet' rtär/ratre
albho- white alpas alb- elfydd Alps ælf/elf alfr alphos albus alfu lebed'
bhel- light, bright ballë bal/pal ballo baltas/balts Bellenos beltene/bealtaine bal bleich/bleich blææcan/bleach bāl bala/phalos bhālam flagrare biały bely/belyj balta falos balios
arg'- white, shine harki- arcath arganto arget/airgead ariant eorcnan/-- erchan/--/argos arjuna arazata roxan/roshan arguō aragetud ārki/arkwi arg arzas
g'hel- green dhelpër žalias/zaļš gel/gealach glan /gelb geolu/yellow gulr khlōros helvus zielony zelënyj zelkia
k'as-n gray->hare sasins ceinach haso/Hase hara/hare heri kasas cānus sosna
k'erbero- piebald kirba corbaim/ zebra kerberos sarvarah/cabalas gur sobol'
tem- dark terr tamsa temel/ demar/ tamas tamah tenebrai ciemny temen'

The following unrecognized language codes were encountered:

Code Occurances
Af 1
Blg 1
Gl 1
NI 3
OI 1
OR 2
OS 2
Pe 1
Sc 1
Sg 1
Sk 2
Sl 1
Thr 1