Duyfken
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 Duyfken replica, Wollongong, New South Wales. |
|
| Career | |
|---|---|
| Built: | Netherlands |
| Launched: | |
| Fate: | Deemed unrepairable after a sea battle in 1608 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 110 tons |
| Length: | 65.4 ft (19.94 m) |
| Beam: | 19.7 ft (6.01 m) |
| Draught: | 8 ft (2.45 m) |
| Type: | barque |
| Hull: | Wood |
| Propulsion: | Sail |
| Sail area: | 31200ft^2 (2902m^2) |
| Speed: | 7 knots |
| Range: | Unlimited (sail) |
| Complement: | — |
| Armament: | 8 cannon |
Duyfken (also Duifken or Duijfken) ("little dove" in English, "duifje" in modern Dutch) was a small Dutch ship built in the Netherlands. She was a fast, lightly-armed ship probably intended for small valuable cargoes or privateering. In 1606, during a voyage of discovery from Bantam (Banten), Java, captained by Willem Janszoon, she encountered the Australian mainland and Janszoon is thus credited with the first authenticated European discovery of Australia.
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[edit] Voyages
On 23 April 1601 Duyfken sailed from Holland as the jacht, or scout, for the "Moluccan Fleet" of Wolphert Harmensz sailing to the Spice Islands. The tonnage of Duyfken has been given as 25-30 lasten (50-60 tons).[1] Her captain, Willem Schouten, with Le Maire, later discovered and named Cape Horn after the city of Hoorn. After reaching Bantam the Moluccan Fleet of five ships, including the Duyfken, encountered a blockading fleet of Portuguese ships totalling eight galleons and twenty-two galleys. They engaged this fleet in intermittent battle, driving them away on New Years day 1602. Thus the undisputed dominance of the Iberians (Portuguese and Spanish) in the Spice trade to Europe was ended.
The fleet received a warm welcome in Bantam, repairs were carried out to damage caused in the battle, and a survey of Jakarta Bay was undertaken, where the Dutch would later build Batavia, their capital in the Indies. Then, sailing by way of Tuban, East Java to the Spice Island of Ternate, cloves were loaded on board and the ship returned to Banda for a cargo of nutmeg.
The Duyfken was then sent on a voyage of exploration to the east when the newly-formed United Dutch East India Company (VOC) was granted a monopoly on trade to the Spice Islands by the Dutch government. On the voyage home from the Indies the Duyfken was separated from the larger ships in a storm off Cape Agulhas, southern Africa and reached the Netherlands in April 1603,[2] two months ahead of the larger ships.
On 18 December 1603 the Duyfken, with Willem Janszoon as skipper, set out on a second voyage to the Indies in the VOC fleet of Steven van der Haghen. The VOC fleet captured two Portuguese ships in Mozambique Channel and sailed to the Spice Islands via India finally reaching Bantam, Java on New Years Eve 1604.
In 1605 the Duyfken was in the fleet that recaptured the fort of Van Verre at Ambon in the Spice Islands, from the Portuguese. She was then sent to Bantam, Java for urgently needed provisions.
In 1605 the Dutch East India Company (VOC) sent the Duyfken, captained by Willem Janszoon, to search for trade opportunities in the "south and east lands" beyond the furthest reaches of their known world. Willem Janszoon took the ship southeast from Banda to the Kei Islands, then along the south coast of New Guinea, skirting south of the shallow waters around False Cape (Irian Jaya) and then continuing east-southeast.
In early 1606 Janszoon encountered and then charted the shores of Australia's Cape York Peninsula. The ship made landfall at the Pennefather River in the Gulf of Carpentaria. This was the first authenticated landing on Australian soil and for the first time all the inhabited continents of the world were known to the European science of geography. Janszoon is thus credited with the first authenticated European discovery of Australia.
In 1607 the Duyfken may have made a second voyage east to Australia. Later in the year she was sent to Java to get supplies for the beleaguered Dutch fortress on Ternate.
In 1608 the ship was engaged in a five hour battle with three Spanish galleys. In June she was sent with larger ships to capture the fortress of Taffaso on Makian Island. A month later she was brought inside the reef at Ternate for repairs. It seems that she was hauled on her side to repair the bottom but this caused further damage and she was judged beyond repair.
[edit] Duyfken Replica
A full size replica of the Duyfken was built by the "Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation" jointly with the Maritime Museum of Western Australia and launched on January 24, 1999 in Fremantle. After goodwill tours to Sydney, Queensland, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, South Africa, and finally Texel in Netherlands.
For a period in 2005, The Duyfken was berthed alongside the Old Swan Brewery on the Swan River in Perth, Western Australia. The replica was open for visits by the public.
In 2006, Western Australia played a big role in the 400th anniversary of the original Duyfken’s visit to Australia and a national group has begun planning to commemorate the arrival of the Duyfken and to mark this important milestone in Australia's history by also giving recognition to all who followed her and contributed to the mapping of the Australian coast.
The Duyfken is currently berthed on Marlin Wharf, in Marlin Marina, Cairns.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Mutch, T. D. (1942). The First Discovery of Australia. Sydney: Mutch, Project Gutenberg of Australia, 55., p14
- ^ Mutch, p14
