Dromaius
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| Dromaius Fossil range: Middle Miocene |
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Dromaius novaehollandiae |
Dromaius is a genus of Ratite present in Australia. There is one extant species, Dromaius novaehollandiae commonly known as the Emu.
In his original 1816 description of the emu, Vieillot used two generic names; first Dromiceius, then Dromaius a few pages later. It has been a point of contention ever since which is correct; the latter is more correctly formed, but the convention in taxonomy is that the first name given stands, unless it is clearly a typographical error.[1] Most modern publications, including those of the Australian government,[2] use Dromaius, with Dromiceius mentioned as an alternative spelling. However, the Dromiceius spelling was used by Russell in his 1972 naming of the dinosaur Dromiceiomimus.
Three different emu species were common prior to European settlement in 1788:
- The Emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae, remains common in most of the more lightly settled parts of mainland Australia. Overall population varies from decade to decade according to rainfall; as low as 200,000 and as high as a million, but a typical figure is about half a million individuals. Although emus are no longer found in the densely settled southern and south-western agricultural areas, the provision of permanent stock water in arid regions has allowed the mainland species to extend its range. There are three current sub-species or races of the emu across Australia:
- D. novaehollandiae novaehollandiae - South-east Australia - whitish ruff when breeding.
- D. novaehollandiae woodwardi - North Australia - slender, paler.
- D. novaehollandiae rothschildi - South-west Australia - darker, no ruff during breeding.
- D. novaehollandiae diemenensis - Tasmania - The Tasmanian Emu, became extinct around 1850.
- The Kangaroo Island Emu, D. baudinianus became extinct around 1827 as a result of hunting and frequent fires. The larger mainland species was introduced to Kangaroo Island in the 1920s.
- The small King Island Emu D. ater was about half the size of the mainland species. By 1805 it had been hunted to extinction by sealers and visiting sailors. Some individuals were kept in captivity in Paris, the last one dying in 1822.
There is one prehistoric species of Emu, Dromaius ocypus (A.H. Miller, 1963), described from Late Pliocene fossils (Mampuwordu Sands Formation, Lake Palankarinna, Australia) accepted as distinct nowadays. A number of other Emu fossils from Australia described as separate species are now regarded as chronosubspecies at best, given the considerable variation even between living individuals.[3]. There are also some unidentifiable remains of emu-like birds from rocks as old as the middle Miocene.[4]
[edit] References
- ^ http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v044n04/p0592-p0593.pdf
- ^ Australian Faunal Directory - Redirect to new Environment Site
- ^ Patterson, C. & Rich, Patricia Vickers (1987): The fossil history of the emus, Dromaius (Aves: Dromaiinae). Records of the South Australian Museum 21: 85-117.
- ^ Boles, Walter E. (2001): A new emu (Dromaiinae) from the Late Oligocene Etadunna Formation. Emu 101: 317–321. HTML abstract
