Douglas Wimberley
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| Douglas Neil Wimberley | |
|---|---|
| 15 August 1896 - 26 August 1983 | |
| Image:WimberleyUCD.JPG Wimberley as Principal of University College, Dundee |
|
| Nickname | Tartan Tam |
| Place of birth | Inverness |
| Place of death | Coupar Angus |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1915 - 1946 |
| Rank | Major-General |
| Commands held | 1st Cameron Highlanders 13th and 152nd Seaforth and Cameron Brigade 46th Division 51st (Highland) Division |
| Battles/wars | World War I World War II: -Second Alamein -El Agheila -Medinine -Mareth Line -Akarit -Enfidaville -Adrano |
| Awards | CB, DSO, MC, MID |
| Other work | Principal of University College, Dundee |
Major-General Douglas Neil Wimberley (15 August 1896 - 26 August 1983), CB, DSO, MC was commander of the 51st (Highland) Division at the Second Battle of El Alamein in World War II and lead it across North Africa to Sicily.
A career soldier, he became an officer during the First World War on the Western Front, serving as a staff and line Officer in many parts of the British Empire in the interwar years, before rising to the command of the unit which would make his name in the Middle East.
After the war he served as the Principal of University College, Dundee before retiring and writing his memoirs.
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[edit] Early life and career
Douglas Wimberley was born on 15 August 1896 at 8 Ardross Terrace, Inverness, the son of Surgeon-Captain (later Colonel) Charles Neil Campbell Wimberley, and Minnie Lesmoir Gordon, daughter of R.J. Wimberley.
Wimberley was educated at Alton Burn, Nairn, Wellington College and then the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders in 1915. On the Western Front he served first with the 1st Division and then with the 51st (Highland) Division. During his period with the Highland Division he was wounded and won the Military Cross at the Battle of Cambrai (1917).
In 1918 Wimberley was promoted acting and temporary major and dispatched to Russia and in 1919 was attached to the Machine Gun Corps. In 1921 Wimberley served as the Assistant Adjutant of the Cameron Highlanders stationed at Queenstown during the Irish War of Independence. Wimberley's battalion was regarded by the brigade-major of the parent Cork Brigade, a certain Bernard Law Montgomery to be the best troops available to act as a "flying column" to round up rebels [1]. 1922 saw Wimberley made an adjutant of the 2nd Camerons. Two years later he gained distinction in promotion examinations and was allowed to spend a year at Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
Following his studies, Wimberley went on to the Staff College, Camberley in 1925, where he was a student of a class of instructors who would lead the British Army to victory in the next war, such as Montgomery and Alan Brooke, with fellow students as august as Harold Alexander, Miles Dempsey, Oliver Leese, Gerald Templer [2]. On 29 April of that year, he married Elsye Myrtle Livingston, daughter of Captain F.L. Campbell RN of Achalader, Perthshire. With her he had one son and one daughter.
After his marriage the still-young Wimberley's peacetime career progressed steadily. In 1929 he was appointed brigade-major of the 1st Gurkha Brigade which was involved in operations on the North West Frontier Province a year later. In 1933 he was promoted brevet major, the same year that he won the Army Quarterly military prize for an essay on recent military campaigns.
He served as a GSO2 at the War office for four years before returning to an active command in 1938 when he was promoted lieutenant-colonel and given command of the 1st Cameron Highlanders, which he commanded until the outbreak of war a year later.
[edit] World War II
The first year of the Second World War saw Wimberley take his battalion to France, as part of the 5th Brigade, 2nd Division, I Corps. In December 1939 Wimberley was made GSO1 and Chief Instructor at the Senior Officers' School at Sheerness, so missing the hostillities in France. In August 1940 he was promoted brigadier and in quick succession he commanded the 13th Brigade, the 152nd Seaforth and Cameron Brigade and as acting major-general, the 46th Division. In June 1941, after only a month at 46 Division, he took command of the 51st (Highland) Division at the specific request of his predecessor, Neil Ritchie, who had been his divisional commander when leading the Seaforth and Cameron Brigade and who was being posted to the Middle East.[3]
The 51st (Highland) Division was a very different formation from that which he had been a part of in the previous war. Formerly, the division had been forged over successive battles in the trenches. The division which he now commanded was in reality the untried 9th (Highland) Division, the sister Territorial Force division to the 51st, which had been renumbered after the latter's surrender in France, June 1940. The division as it stood would not be able to fight as a unit, and Wimberley, now major-general made a successful effort to instill a sense of esprit de corps in the unit. He refused sassenach troops for his brigades and battalions whilst "poaching" Scottish troops from other units, and appealed to his men's Scottish patriotism by encouraging the wearing of their respective tartans as much as possible, for which he was dubbed "Tartan Tam". The only non-highland unit was 1/7 Middlesex Regiment because there was no machine gun battalion in the British Army which recruited exclusively in Scotland.[3] At the same time training was not neglected. The results would manifest themselves in action.
In August 1942 the division arrived in Egypt to join the Eighth Army. It went into the line on September 17 as part of XXX Corps as the new Eighth Army commander Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery prepared for the offensive which would defeat the Axis forces in North Africa. In October and November the Division figured prominently in the "break-in" and "crumbling phase" of the Battle of Alamein and actions round Kidney Ridge. Before the battle Wimberley had briefed his COs with a model of the battlefield and instructed them to repeat their tasks as he had shown them, so as to ensure the unity of the division's battle plan.
Before and during the battle, Wimberley had become a familiar sight touring the divisional areas, an incongruous spectacle in his jeep with his knees nearly reaching head height. During the battle Wimberley's jeep was blown up by a mine, killing two of the occupants but only badly shaking Wimberley himself.[4] He often paused to assist troops carrying out work or briefed individual privates so as to make them better understand the part which they were to play. Therefore, the casualties suffered by Eighth Army, amounting to nearly a quarter of the infantry force, caused Wimberley to comment "never again". Having observed in the closing stages of the battle an assault by his Highlanders which had gone in without an artillery barrage, he wrote:
The position was, as we had reported, strongly held, not a sign of our tanks was to be seen, but plenty of enemy ones...The Gordons made little progress, and lost a lot of men; I felt it had been sheer waste of life and was sick at heart [5]
Known, trusted and respected by Eighth Army commander Montgomery, Wimberley fought his division across North Africa and into Tunisia fighting at Mareth, Medinine, Akarit and Enfidaville, and Adrano. In 1942 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his actions.
The pace of the pursuit of Erwin Rommel - the fear of another battle of attrition like Alamein - began to tell. In his unpublished memoirs, Wimberley wrote of the Battle of Agheila:
The 14th December is a day I will never forget....As I motored forward I saw every 100 yards or so wounded men, mostly sappers who had become casualties on the mines. The black Macadam road wound through the soft sand of the desert, pitch black in the brilliant sunshine. At intervals all down the road, mile after mile, the enemy had spread shovel-fulls of sand, and under every sixth heap or so, a mine had been buried, a hole having been drilled in the tarmac for it.
About every quarter of a mile along the road derelict vehicles had been pulled across it, to block it, and each vehicle was a mass of trip wires and booby traps....I was told the very corpses of our poor dead, which we lost out on patrol, were all booby trapped, when later the burial parties went out to clear the battlefield and bury them.... Never again, while I commanded the Highland Division, did we ever meet such a heavily mined area [6]
To Wimberley was entrusted the task of taking Buerat and opening the way to Tripoli, before supplies ran out over a tenuous chain of communication, so fast had the Eighth Army advanced. Having opened the way to the city - the first major Axis prize to fall in the whole of the War so far - Wimberley's achievement went un-recognised by Montgomery who accused him of "dilatoriness" [7]. Wimberley forgave all during the Battle of Medenine, however, when he wrote "I felt grateful, and thought, again, what a wonderful little commander I was serving under, in Monty." [8]
In July 1943 Wimberley led the Highland Division during the Allied invasion of Sicily. The division was involved in heavy fighting until gradually being relieved in August by 78th Infantry Division. Despite the renowned fighting ability and reputation of the 51st, Montgomery decided after the Sicily in August 1943 that Wimberley, showing tiredness after after two years in command, should be removed from divisional command [9]. Whilst Montgomery judged him unsuitable for Corps command, he recommended Wimberley to his mentor and friend General Alan Brooke, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, for a position at the Staff College, Camberley, a recommendation which was accepted. In December 1944 he was appointed Director of Infantry, his last appointment in the British Army which he held until his resignation in October 1946, when it became clear that with Montgomery having become CIGS, he would progress no higher in the army.[10]
[edit] Post-war
Upon leaving the army Wimberley became principal of University College, Dundee, which was at the time a constituent college of the University of St Andrews. The University of St Andrews, steeped in tradition and jealous of its academic reputation refused to allow the academic expansion of its sister college which led to agitation in Dundee for the independence of the Dundee College. Wimberley attempted to expand University College whilst at the same time not undermining the parent University, and its principal, Sir James Irvine.
Without much academic power, Wimberley sought to give the College the same esprit de corps with which he had invigorated the 51st (Highland) Division. He worked as closely with the staff and students of the college as he had with the officers and men of his division. He continually made efforts to improve facilities and conditions and to give the young institution its own traditions, he instituted a ceremonial university service at the local parish kirk.
In 1947 he wrote the "Wimberley Memo", which set the scene for the parting of ways between the University of St Andrews, and the former University College, Dundee. In honour of this event, the University of Dundee awards annually the Wimberley Award to the student who has contributed most to university life.
In 1954, Wimberly was made to stand-down from his position in Dundee due to the rotation of principal seats. Having retired, he took up genealogy and lived with his wife in the town of Coupar Angus, Perthshire. From 1951 to 1961 he was colonel of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders. In 1973, Wimberley collated his papers and diaries into a five-volume autobiography called Scottish Soldier. This unpublished memoir was deposited by the general in the National Library of Scotland [1].
He died at Foxhall, Coupar Angus, on 26 August 1983. He is survived by his son Neil Wimberley, who lives with his wife in Foxhall, and daughter Lesmoir Edington living near Gladsmuir in East Lothian, Scotland.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Hamilton, Nigel (1981). Monty : the making of a general, 1887-1942. London: Hamish Hamilton. OCLC 174371477.
- Hamilton, Nigel (1983). Monty: Master of the Battlefield 1942-1944. London: Hamish Hamilton. OCLC 174371481.
- Mead, Richard (2007). Churchill's Lions: A biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II. Stroud (UK): Spellmount, 544 pages. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0.
[edit] Footnotes
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 59, available at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography website
[edit] Bibliography
- Scottish Soldier by Major-General D.N. Wimberley. Unpublished memoir in the possession of the NLS.
- Monty: A Personal Memoir by Major-General D.N. Wimberley. Unpublished memoir.
| Honorary titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Sir Charles Longcroft |
Gentleman Usher of the Scarlet Rod 1948 – 1954 |
Succeeded by R S V Sherbrooke |
