Douglas Bruce

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For the subject of the 2005 documentary Unknown White Male, see Doug Bruce.
Douglas Bruce
Douglas Bruce
Member of the Colorado House of Representatives
from the 15th district
Incumbent
Assumed office 
January 14, 2008[1]
Preceded by Bill Cadman
Member of the El Paso County
Board of Commissioners
from the 2nd district
In office
January 11, 2005[2] – January 15, 2008[3]
Preceded by Tom Huffman[4]
Succeeded by Amy Lathen[5]
Born August 26, 1949 (1949-08-26) (age 58)[6]
Los Angeles, California
Political party Republican
Spouse none
Profession Real Estate

Douglas Edward Bruce (born August 26, 1949) is a legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado.

A conservative activist and strict advocate for limited government, Bruce first rose to prominence as the author of Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights, a spending limitation measure approved by Colorado voters in 1992; his name is so associated with the measure that attempts to bypass its restrictions are known as "de-Brucing."

After two unsuccessful campaigns for the Colorado State Senate in 1996 and 2000, Bruce was elected to the El Paso County, Colorado county commission in 2004. While a county commissioner, Bruce was noted for frequently falling on the losing sides of 4-1 votes, and for disputes with county staff and fellow commissioners on numerous occasions.

Bruce was appointed to a vacant seat in the Colorado House of Representatives in December 2007. He currently represents House District 15, which encompasses eastern Colorado Springs, Colorado.[7] After kicking a Rocky Mountain News photographer on the day he was sworn in, Bruce became the first legislator in Colorado history to be formally censured; he was later removed from a House committee overseeing veterans affairs after refusing to sponsor a ceremonial resolution honoring veterans. He has announced his intention to run for a full term in November 2008 legislative elections.

Contents

[edit] Early career

Born in Los Angeles, California, Bruce graduated from Hollywood High School,[8] at the age of 16[9] and then from Pomona College with a double major in history and government.[8] He completed a law degree from the University of Southern California's Gould School of Law in 1973,[10] and worked as a Los Angeles County deputy district attorney from 1973 to 1979, resigning amid frustration with the court system.[6]

In 1980, Bruce ran a largely self-financed campaign for the California State Assembly, running in the Democratic Primary for the 38th Assembly district, which, at that time, centered on Pacific Palisades and Malibu. Running with the campaign slogan "Specifics, Not Safe Generalities," Bruce ran what a local newspaper described as "something of an anomaly—a law and order primary campaign by a Democrat." Bruce lost by five percentage points in a high-turnout primary; his opponent, Steven Afriat, narrowly lost the general election to Republican Marian la Follette.[6]

During the late 1970s, Bruce acquired a number of rental properties in the Los Angeles area, which he managed full-time after leaving the district attorney's office. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Bruce was embroiled in several protracted tax disputes with the Internal Revenue Service. In 1986, Bruce acquired several properties in Colorado Springs and moved to Colorado permanently. Shortly before moving to Colorado, Bruce changed his political party affiliation from Democrat to Republican.[6]

In addition to his Colorado Springs properties, Bruce acquired rental properties in Denver and Pueblo, Colorado. He has been cited repeatedly by law and code enforcement officials regarding the upkeep of his properties,[11] although most of the dozens of citations brought against him have been overturned.[12] In connection with charge of operating an unsafe building, Bruce spent eight days in jail in 1995 on a contempt of court citation.[13] In response to the numerous complaints filed against him, Bruce has questioned the constitutionality of city code provisions, and accused city officials of selective prosecution and carrying out a "vendetta" against him personally.[12] In 2003, Bruce announced that he intended to sell his rental properties in order to devote more time to political activism,[13] but was cited by Colorado Springs for keeping dilapidated properties as recently as 2007.[14]

[edit] Taxpayer's Bill of Rights

Although similar tax-limitation measures had been rejected by voters over the previous decades, in 1988, Bruce authored and led the campaign that was eventually successful in enacting TABOR, a "Taxpayer Bill of Rights," in Colorado. Among other provisions, TABOR mandated voter approval of any tax increases and constrained state government spending to grow at a rate no greater than the rates of population growth and inflation. Although TABOR did not pass in 1988, garnering only 42% of the vote in a statewide reference, Bruce revised the measure and it was placed on the ballot again in 1990, when it received 49% support. A third attempt in 1992 was successful, and TABOR was passed with 54% of the vote and became part of Colorado's constitution.[15][16] During these campaigns, Bruce was the primary spokesperson for TABOR, often trading barbs with TABOR opponent and Colorado governor Roy Romer. In one frequently-cited incident, Romer likened the TABOR proposal to "economic terrorism;" in response, Bruce printed personal business cards reading "Douglas Bruce: Terrorist."[15][17][18][19]

The passage of TABOR was Bruce's most prominent political accomplishment; years later, Bruce's personalized license plate read "MRTABOR."[20] Bruce also wrote and successfully passed a similar spending limitation measure in Colorado Springs in 1991.[13] Since the passage of TABOR in 1992, hundreds of local jurisdictions in Colorado have sought voter approval to temporarily or permanently exceed the spending limitations of TABOR, measures which became known as "de-Brucing," in reference to TABOR's author. By 2007, over half of Colorado's school district and counties had "de-Bruced," as had many municipalities.[21]

In 2005, after several years of tight budgets brought about by recession, the spending limitations of TABOR, and other budgetary obligations, the Colorado General Assembly referred Referendum C, a statewide "de-Brucing" measure, to Colorado voters.[17] Bruce was a vocal opponent of Referendum C, facing off against supporters including Gov. Bill Owens, who had supported the original passage of TABOR.[22] Referendum C, which was ultimately passed by voters, authorized a five year "time-out" from some of TABOR's spending restrictions.[23] Although Bruce threatened a lawsuit against the state of Colorado if the referendum passed, the measure was ultimately enacted into law, raising state revenue by several billion dollars.[24]

[edit] State Senate campaigns

Bruce's first attempt to seek elected office in Colorado came in 1996, when Bruce challenged incumbent Republican state senator Ray Powers in the Republican Party primary. Bruce lost to May, who went on to become the Colorado State Senate President.[25]

Bruce also ran unsuccessfully for the Colorado State Senate in 2000, losing a hotly contested Republican party primary to Ron May in the solidly Republican district. Running with the slogan "Ron May, but Bruce will," Bruce faced institutional opposition from statewide Republican leaders, including Governor Bill Owens, who had once supported Bruce's TABOR initiatives.[26] May ultimately won by only 112 votes.[13]

In June 2000, Bruce was called to appear as a potential juror for a sexual assault trial in Colorado Springs. During the jury selection process, Bruce distributed leaflets written by the Fully Informed Jury Association in support of jury nullification. After defense attorneys objected to Bruce's actions, the presiding judge dismissed Bruce and 50 other potential jurors who had received the fliers, resulting in a two-week delay for the trial.[27]

[edit] El Paso County Commissioner

[edit] 2004 election

Bruce sought election to the El Paso County, Colorado, county commission in 2004, winning the Republican Party nomination by defeating Colorado Springs councilwoman Maraget Radford in the party primary.[28] In the general election, Bruce defeated Democrat Stanley Hildahl and two Republicans who ran as write-in candidates with the backing of some party leaders.[4][29][30] Bruce won the general election with 58% of the vote.[31]

[edit] Policy positions

While serving on the El Paso County Commission, Bruce was frequently the only opposition to measures supported by the other four county commissioners.[32] He cast the only vote against implementing mail ballot elections,[33] against county interference in the proposed incorporation of Falcon, Colorado (although he also opposed the incorporation),[34] against a package of road improvement projects recommended by the Colorado Department of Transportation,[35] against the appointment of County Administrator Jeff Greene,[36] against stricter building codes for mobile homes,[37] and against awarding a county grant to an anti-poverty agency, calling it handouts for "deadbeats."[38]

He was unsuccessful in attempting to reduce the number of paid holidays taken by county employees,[39] but was instrumental in lowering property tax rates[40] and in negotiating the expansion of a gravel pit operation.[41] He also spoke in favor of turning over management of the county fair to a volunteer organization[42][43] and called for the number of volunteer boards and commissions to be reduced.[44][45]

Bruce was also outspoken in support of deportation for illegal immigrants,[46] and went against his normal practice of refusing to support ceremonial resolutions[45] to support a resolution in favor of the creation of an Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in El Paso County.[47]

[edit] Conflicts with county staff and commissioners

When Bruce joined the commission, he sought to have his salary of over $60,000 per year directed to charity, per a campaign promise. Designating Active Citizens Together, an educational non-profit he helped found, as the recipient, Bruce sought to have the county not withhold income tax from his checks, as the money would go directly to charity and he would receive no direct personal benefit. After ten months of disputing arrangements with county staff, Bruce agreed to accept checks with taxes and deductions withheld.[48] In 2007, Bruce attempted to use the non-profit group to donate copies of the U.S. Constitution for local school districts to distribute to graduating seniors; two districts refused his donation on logistical grounds.[49]

He also refused to accept a VIP pass from the Colorado Springs Airport, characterizing it as a "bribe;"[50] he also objected to the introduction of public prayer during county commission meetings.[51] Bruce was a stickler for being referred to by his elected title, "Commissioner," and by his full first name, Douglas, rather than "Doug."[52] Bruce also objected to the inclusion of his name (alongside other county commissioners) on a plaque marking support of a new county courthouse expansion; he characterized the building as "unneeded and illegal" and threatened to physically remove his name from the plaque.[53] His opposition to financing methods for the courthouse had been a driving factor behind his 2004 county commission campaign.[54]

Bruce's debating and speaking style during county commission meetings led to occasional conflicts with county staff and other commissioners. During his first year, an escalating series of disputes with Commissioner Sallie Clark led to her ruling, at a meeting which she chaired, that Bruce was not allowed to discuss Colorado Springs city politics.[55] In 2006, Bruce was also accused of intervening in a county bidding process for a copying contract in favor of a campaign supporter.[56]

In 2006, El Paso County Attorney Bill Louis denounced Bruce as a "narcissist, sociopath and crackpot enabler" for supporting Colorado's Amendment 38, a referendum designed to ease rules for petitioning measures onto election ballots. Bruce and Louis verbally tangled after Louis called Bruce's tactics "guerrilla" and Louis announced: "I plan to do everything in my limited power to make sure that [Bruce's tenure in elected office] comes to an end at some point for the good not only of this community but for all of Colorado and the nation."[57]

Tensions also rose during Bruce's final weeks on the county commission, as he sought a vacancy committee's appointment to the state legislature. Bruce criticized county staff for being unresponsive to his inquiries, and Sheriff Terry Maketa responded by accusing Bruce of harming the morale of county staff, and told Bruce that he supported his bid for the legislature in order "to put you in an environment that will match your ineffectiveness," a statement applauded by other county staff. During his final commission meetings, Bruce was also repeatedly cut off by other commissioners during his comments; other members of the commission described his behavior as an increase in "grandstanding" prior to the vacancy committee's meeting.[58]

[edit] Conflicts with Colorado Springs

Bruce authored two measures, Issues 200 and 201, which appeared on the November 2006 Colorado Springs election ballot. The initiatives would have reduced the city's sales tax rate, eliminated its property tax, and restricted the city's ability to borrow money.[59] Before being placed on the ballot, the measures were opposed by city officials, who contended that they violated provisions of the city charter and state constitution. The dispute rose to the Colorado Court of Appeals, which ruled in favor of the measures' placement on the ballot.[60] Bruce also contested the city's editing of his statements of support for the measures in ballot summaries mailed to voters.[61]

While a county commissioner, Bruce also challenged the City of Colorado Springs' creation of a Stormwater Enterprise Fee, which he contended amounted to an illegal tax collected by a government entity. He filed a ballot measure designed to halt the city's practice of collecting the fee on property tax bills, but the measure was challenged as violating Colorado's single subject rule.[62][63]

Bruce also lost legal challenges to several local taxes in Colorado Springs on TABOR grounds. He lost a challenge to a streetlight fee approved by voters, contending the fee was illegal because the ballot measure which approved it did not refer to it as a tax,[64] and lost a challenge to an open space measure on the grounds that it was listed on the ballot as an "extension" of previous tax rates, rather than a tax increase.[65]

Bruce was the subject of a criminal complaint stemming from May 2006 elections in which he was alleged to have engaged in campaigning against a tax increase for the Falcon Fire Protection District at a polling place closer than the legal 100-foot (30 m) limit. The measures were rejected by voters.[66]

In 2008, Douglas Bruce, following a year-long battle over details of the petition, gained permission to petition for two ballot measures which would eliminated Colorado Springs' Stormwater Enterprise Fee and other utility and enterprise fees not approved by voters. Facing a month in which to gather over 16,000 signatures to place the measure on the ballot, Bruce offered to pay petition signature collectors personally.[67][68][69]

[edit] Colorado House of Representatives

[edit] 2007 House appointment

In October 2007, Bruce announced his plans to seek a seat in the Colorado House of Representatives. After Rep. Bill Cadman was appoindted to fill a Senate seat vacated by Ron May, Bruce sought to be appointed to Cadman's seat representing House District 15.[15][70] Bruce faced two other Republican challengers for the appointment during a short but contentious battle for the vacancy committee nomination, during which he questioned the professional credentials of one of his opponents, and opponents charged that he was too divisive a figure to successfully represent the district. Ultimately, Bruce received two-thirds of the votes from the 66 members of the vacancy committee, beating out former school board candidate and engineer Reginald Perry and businessman Steve Hasbrouck.[71]

[edit] 2008 legislative session

[edit] Swearing-in controversy

Bruce postponed being sworn in until January 14, 2008—several days after the start of the legislative session—in order to be eligible to serve a full four terms beyond the partial term under Colorado's term limits rules. The move was criticized by former Republican Senator Ron May and Democratic House Speaker Andrew Romanoff,[72] who, in response to Bruce's actions, called for legislation requiring that newly-appointed legislators be sworn in within a specific period of time.[73] Such a bill, which would require appointed legislators to be sworn in within 14 days of their selection, was introduced later in the session by Democratic Reps. Paul Weissmann and Dorothy Butcher;[74] Bruce took the unusual step for a legislator of testifying against the bill at a committee hearing,[75] but the bill passed the state house, with Bruce casting the only dissenting vote.[76]

Bruce clashed with legislative leaders over the time of his swearing-in, demanding to be sworn in at 10 a.m. in front of the full house. Both Speaker Romanoff and Republican leader Mike May requested that Bruce take the oath at a different time, as is customary for vacancy appointments, in order not to interfere with House business.[77][78] Bruce was present at the 10 a.m. start of legislative business on January 14, but he was not officially recognized by Speaker Romanoff during the morning session. After House Republicans voted 22-1 to call for a representative to be named for District 15 if Bruce did not take the oath of office by the end of the day, Bruce was sworn in by Romanoff at 1:30 p.m.[1]

Already fined for an unexcused absence from the commission meeting on Monday morning, Bruce submitted his resignation as an El Paso County Commissioner after being sworn in as a state representative, effective January 15.[3] After his resignation, Bruce sent a letter to the vacancy committee members who would choose his replacement criticizing Amy Lathen, the leading candidate for his commission seat,[79] as unqualified and inconsistent on tax issues, calling her a "Republican in Name Only;" the letter was denounced by El Paso County Republican Party officials.[80] Lathen, who had planned for months to run a primary campaign for the commission seat against Bruce, was elected by the vacancy committee with a majority of votes on the first ballot.[5]

[edit] Censure

On the morning before he was sworn in, Bruce was present on the house floor during the session's morning prayer. Javier Manzano, a Rocky Mountain News photographer, took Bruce's picture during the prayer; Bruce kicked him in the knee, telling Manzano, "Do not do that again." Bruce later accused the photographer of "violating the order and decorum" of the house and refused to apologize. Republican Minority Leader Mike May issued a formal apology to the photographer, and state Republican chairman Dick Wadhams "strongly denounce[d]" Bruce's actions.[20]

Speaker Romanoff and Minority Leader May convened a bipartisan six-member panel to investigate and made recommendations concerning the incident;[81] on Friday, January 18, the panel recommended 6-0 that Bruce be censured by the House for his actions, and 5-1 that a formal apology be requested from Bruce.[82] Although Manzano testified before the panel, he declined to press criminal charges against Bruce.

Romanoff elected to pursue the censure recommendation, and, on January 24, the full House of Representatives voted 62-1 (with only Rep. Kevin Lundberg opposed) to censure Bruce. He became the first representative in the recorded history of the state house to be formally censured.[83]

[edit] Legislative agenda

Bills Introduced in 2008 by Rep. Bruce
(for which Rep. Bruce is the primary originating sponsor)
BILL TITLE OUTCOME
HB08-1145    Concerning education on fundamental civic documents. Postponed indefinitely in House committee
HB08-1245 Concerning required reductions in specified government-imposed means of raising revenue. Postponed indefinitely in House committee
HB08-1277 Concerning the prohibition of improper uses of property to enforce collections. Postponed indefinitely in House committee
HB08-1279 Concerning governmental land use regulations [...] Postponed indefinitely in House committee

For the 2008 session of the Colorado General Assembly, Bruce was named to seats on the House Finance Committee and the House State, Veterans, and Military Affairs Committee.[84] At the start of the 2008 General Assembly session, before being sworn in, Bruce announced his opposition to a large portion of the House Republican caucus legislative agenda, including a sales tax holiday for school supplies, a pine beetle mitigation fund, new specialty license plates, and targeted tax credits, noting in a letter to Republican whip Cory Gardner: "I thought the GOP was the party of less government and more freedom, of protecting individualism, not streamlining socialism."[85]

The first bill introduced by Bruce during the 2008 session was a measure to require the Colorado Department of Education to distribute copies of the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution to high school seniors, to mandate classroom instruction on the documents,[86] and to offer a brief constitutional law course to members of the Colorado General Assembly.[87] The bill died after facing unanimous opposition from the House Education Committee.[88]

Another of Bruce's bills, which would have prohibited counties from assessing any charges other than property taxes, including fines for delinquent payments or stormwater fees, on property tax bills, was also killed in committee.[89] Bruce also advanced a measure which would have eliminated per diem expense payments for legislators and indexed legislators' pay to inflation, as well as requiring voter approval for any pay increases above this amount.[90] All four bills introduced by Bruce were killed in committee.[91] Late in the legislative session, Bruce introduced a bill to create a seven-member bipartisan panel, including three unaffiliated voters, to draw up Colorado's congressional and legislative districts following the 2010 census and reapportionment.[92]

Bruce has also objected to the practice of attaching a "safety clause" to bills, a provision which uses a declaration that the bill is "necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety" to change the date of enactment and prohibit challenges to the legislation via the petition process. He has pledged to vote against all legislation containing an unjustified safety clause,[93] and has offered amendments to a number of bills to remove the safety clause.[94] Bruce's amendments often failed on account of legislators' personal hostility towards him; on at least one occasion, after the house voted down his proposal to strike the safety clause, the motion passed after being introduced by another legislator.[91]

Bruce also proposed several changes to House operations and procedure, including use of tasers by state capitol security—a proposal received favorably by legislative leaders[95]—and increased office space for legislators—an idea not well-received.[96]

Bruce was a vocal critic of the proposed state budget debated during the 2008 legislative session,[97] characterizing the budget's $3,500 in expenditures per Colorado resident as "fiscal child abuse."[98][99] During budget debates, Bruce offered unsuccessful amendments to eliminate 524 new employees at colleges and universities, to cut a federally funded program for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases,[100] and to prevent the transfer of 165 contract corrections employees to state payrolls.[101] Bruce also joined with left-leaning and environmental groups in opposing proposed changes to Colorado's petition process that would raise signature requirements and make it more difficult to put proposals to amend the Colorado state constitution on the statewide ballot.[102][103]

Bruce also entered into debate on, and voted against, a bill to impose new requirements on landlords and set standards for rental properties. His actions generated criticism from other legislators, who argued that Bruce should have recused himself from voting on the measure because his ownership of rental properties created a conflict of interest; two other legislators recused themselves for similar reasons.[104][105]

[edit] Removal from committee

On February 13, Bruce, alone among 100 state legislators, refused to sign on as a cosponsor to an annual joint resolution recognizing Military and Veterans Appreciation Day. Bruce had protested other resolutions in the legislature as a waste of time,[106] similar to his practice of refusing to vote on resolutions as an El Paso County commissioner.[80] Later in the session, Bruce proposed a change to House rules to allow members to abstain from voting on resolutions.[107]

In response to public complaints, Republican Minority Leader Mike May removed Bruce from the House State, Veterans and Military Affairs Committee, which oversees veterans' issues. Bruce dismissed the move as "political posturing."[108] Other Republican legislators denounced Bruce in a public letter for "callous indifference" towards veterans.[109] Bruce offered as evidence of his support for veterans his successful amendment to a house bill to include interest in a state repayment to the Colorado Veterans Trust Fund, a move which resulted in an additional $636,000 repaid to the fund.[110] Bruce would later cite this as one of his major accomplishments during the 2008 session.[91]

The following week, Bruce signed on as a cosponsor to an annual resolution calling for civility between members of the legislature; he said that it did not violate his standard of refusing to support symbolic resolutions because he considered the measure to be a "pledge of personal behavior."[111]

[edit] Per diem controversy

As a legislator, Bruce was entitled to apply for per diem compensation for living expenses during the legislative session. After having delayed his swearing-in to the state house for five days after the start of the session, Bruce applied for and received compensation for those days amounting to $750 more than what he was legally entitled to. Colorado legislative council staff later accepted responsibility for what was referred to as a "clerical error"[112][113] and has pledged to return the excess funds.[114] Bruce has pledged to donate his legislative salary and per diem payments to the non-profit charity "Active Citizens Together,"[115] a group founded by Bruce to educate citizens on personal and property rights[116] and advocate for limited government.[117]

[edit] "Illiterate peasants" comments

On April 21, 2008, Bruce voiced opposition during house debate on a bill sponsored by Rep. Marsha Looper to create a guest worker program to facilitate temporary employment visas for agricultural workers from Mexico. After speaking against illegal immigration and being advised to restrict comments to the bill by debate chair Rep. Kathleen Curry, Bruce took the floor a second time and commented:

“ I would like to have the opportunity to state at the microphone why I don't think we need 5,000 more illiterate peasants in Colorado." ”

Bruce was immediately gavelled to order by Rep. Curry, who ruled that he would no longer be recognized during debate on the bill.[118][119] Bruce's comments were denounced by Assistant Majority Leader Terrance Carroll as violating the "decorum of the house;" they were also criticized by Minority Leader Mike May,[120] the Mexican consulate in Denver.[121] and the Anti-Defamation League.[122] The following day, the Latino Faith-Based Initiative, and the Democratic Party Latino Initiative both called for Bruce's resignation from the legislature.[123]

Bruce defended his remarks as being factually accurate, citing dictionary definitions of "illiterate" and "peasant." Legislators briefly considered bringing a formal ethics complaint against him,[121][124] but ultimately chose not to. Legislators responded to Bruce's propensity for generating controversy by declaring that they would "start ignoring him."[125][126] Rep. Curry requested additional law enforcement protection after receiving an influx of threatening messages from opponents of illegal immigration.[127] Bruce, however, received hundreds of largely positive email messages in response to news coverage of the controversy.[128][129] The following weekend, Bruce's comments were the target of a local protest in Colorado Springs attended by about 50.[130][131]

Several days later, Bruce submitted an amendment — facetiously drafted by the "linguistic sensitivity codification commission" — to another bill addressing immigration issues to substitute "undocumented, temporary guest resident" in place of "illegal aliens" in statutory language. The amendment was offered and defeated twice.[132][133]

[edit] Sexual harassment complaint

On April 30, Bruce was the subject of a sexual harassment complaint after a female legislative staffer alleged that he made inappropriate verbal comments towards her. After being formally confronted by House Speaker Andrew Romanoff, Bruce was instructed to stay away from the woman who filed the complaint, according to reports by other representatives.[134][135][136] Legislative leaders refused to publicly discuss the complaint,[134] but Douglas Bruce stated in a radio interview that the incident in question involved only looking and smiling at a woman.[137]

[edit] 2008 election

Bruce announced in November 2007 that he would stand in the 2008 general election for the House District 15 seat.[138] He faces a challenge for the Republican nomination from attorney and Iraq War veteran Mark Waller.[71]

Reflecting Bruce's status as a "pariah" among some Colorado Springs Republicans, Waller received endorsements from sitting state representatives Bob Gardner and Larry Liston,[91] as well as former Sen. Ron May.[139] Waller outpolled Bruce by receiving 57% of the vote at the Republican assembly in March, claiming the top line on the August Republican primary ballot;[140] he was supported by some delegates who had voted for Bruce's legislative appointment months earlier.[141][142]

Bruce faced criticism from House Democratic and Republican leaders in April for distributing campaign fliers critical of Waller to Republican representatives on the House floor. Although not a violation of the law or House rules, legislative leaders denounced the action as a breach of decorum and tradition.[143][144] Waller also called for Bruce's resignation in April 2008, after Bruce's controversial comments about Mexican guest workers.[125] Bruce, in response, characterised Waller as a "conformer" rather than a "reformer," and stated that his controversial actions were designed to draw attention to inappropriate legislative actions.[142]

Democrat Allison Hunter withdrew from the race in December 2007, arguing that Bruce's appointment by a vacancy committee gave him "too great an advantage" in the November general election.[145] Michelle Maksimowicz and Frances DeJarnette have filed to run the in House District 15 Democratic primary.[146]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Barge, Chris. "Bruce alive and kicking in House", Rocky Mountain News, 14 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 
  2. ^ Armstrong, Ari. "Bruce Sworn in as Commissioner", Colorado Freedom Report, January 2005. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  3. ^ a b Brown, Jennier. "Kick helps get Bruce off on wrong foot with colleagues", Denver Post, 15 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 
  4. ^ a b Naomi, Botkin. "Republicans split over Bruce candidacy", Cos Online, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  5. ^ a b Rappold, R. Scott. "Lathen promises a different tone", Colorado Springs Gazette, 20 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-20. 
  6. ^ a b c d DeGette, Cara. "Douglas Edward Bruce -- Colorado dreamin'", Colorado Springs Independent, August 24, 1994. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  7. ^ State House District 15 (html). COMaps. Retrieved on 2008-01-19.
  8. ^ a b Background. Douglas Bruce. Retrieved on 2008-10-19.
  9. ^ Bartels, Lynn. "Doug Bruce is in the house", Rocky Mountain News, 25 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-26. 
  10. ^ Douglas Bruce - Class of 1973. USC Gould School of Law. Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
  11. ^ DeGette, Cara. "The landlord's cribs", Colorado Springs Independent, August 3, 2000. Retrieved on 2007-11-12. 
  12. ^ a b Prendergast, Alan. "Vendetta", Westword, May 16, 2002. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  13. ^ a b c d Swanson, Perry. "Bruce leaving landlord business", Colorado Springs Gazette, August 14, 2003. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  14. ^ Vogrin, Bill. "Owners of dilapidated buildings get final notice", Colorado Springs Gazette, 5 August 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  15. ^ a b c Sealover, Ed. "A confident Bruce says he will seek appointment to house seat", Colorado Springs Gazette, October 23, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  16. ^ "Conference by Douglas Bruce" at Francisco Marroquin University. Guatemala, May 2004
  17. ^ a b Couch, Mark P.. "Bruce is still on a mission", Denver Post, September 15, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  18. ^ Patel, Vimal. "Story 2 of 5: Douglas Bruce and Freedom", Rocky Mountain Collegian, 25 October 2005. Retrieved on 2008-03-20. 
  19. ^ DeGette, Cara. "Toppling King Kong", Colorado Springs Independent, 30 November 2006. Retrieved on 2008-03-20. 
  20. ^ a b Barge, Chris. "House kicks up an investigation", Rocky Mountain News, 15 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 
  21. ^ Swanson, Perry; Kyle Henley. "Taking the teeth out of TABOR", Colorado Springs Gazette, March 28, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  22. ^ McAvoy, Tom. "Owens, Bruce to square off on Ref C & Dn", Pueblo Chieftain, October 11, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  23. ^ Steers, Stuart. "Muscle puts C over top", Rocky Mountain News, November 2, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  24. ^ Paulson, Stephen K.. "Bruce threatens to file lawsuit if Referendum C wins voter approval", Aurora Sentinel, August 17, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  25. ^ Dicker, John. "Into the blender", Colorado Springs Independent, June 10, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  26. ^ DeGette, Cara. "Grudge Match", Colorado Springs Independent, 3 August 2000. Retrieved on 2007-10-21. 
  27. ^ DeGette, Cara. "Jurors dismissed, Doug Bruce tainting alleged", Colorado Springs Independent, 15 June 2000. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  28. ^ Michael, De Yoanna. "Null takes on Bruce", Colorado Springs Independent, October 7, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  29. ^ Perry, Swanson. "Lively race keeps with District 2 tradition", Colorado Springs Gazette, October 4, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  30. ^ Swanson, Perry. "Area's political brass support write-in Null", Colorado Springs Gazette, October 23, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  31. ^ 2004 General Election (html). El Paso County Election Summary Reports. Retrieved on 2007-11-10.
  32. ^ Mitchell, Carlyn Ray. "Tension high as Bruce slams county", Colorado Springs Gazette, 2 November 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  33. ^ Mitchell, Carlyn Ray. "Voters should get mail-in ballots as early as today", Colorado Springs Gazette, 13 October 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  34. ^ Wilson, Jennifer. "Falcon cityhood faces flak", Colorado Springs Gazette, 9 May 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  35. ^ Staff Reports. "County tags $2.3M for handful of road projects", Colorado Springs Gazette, 3 August 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  36. ^ Hethcock, Bill. "Commissioners OK Greene", Colorado Springs Gazette, 20 October 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  37. ^ Hethcock, Bill. "Documents emphasize fire hazards in old trailers, backing new policy", Colorado Springs Gazette, 15 February 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  38. ^ Staff Reports. "The week in review", Colorado Springs Gazette, 31 March 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  39. ^ Mitchell, Carlyn Ray. "Bruce’s bid to reduce paid holidays fails", Colorado Springs Gazette, 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  40. ^ Mitchell, Carlyn Ray. "County lowers ‘08 property tax rate", Colorado Springs Gazette, 17 December 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  41. ^ McKeown, Bill. "County OKs expansion of gravel pit", Colorado Springs Gazette, 17 October 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  42. ^ Swanson, Perry. "Commissioner candidates vary on how to save county fair", Colorado Springs Gazette, 23 September 2004. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  43. ^ Reuther, Jane. "County to eliminate fair chief", Colorado Springs Gazette, 2 December 2005. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  44. ^ Swanson, Perry. "County looks for volunteers", Colorado Springs Gazette, 3 February 2005. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
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  47. ^ Zubeck, Pam. "Rumor has it Hefley quietly went to Oklahoma", Colorado Springs Gazette, 7 September 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  48. ^ Swanson, Perry. "Bruce, county end pay", Colorado Springs Gazette, 16 November 2005. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
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  54. ^ Swanson, Perry. "Officials suggest courthouse be named for county administrator", Colorado Springs Gazette, 20 September 2005. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
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  59. ^ Laden, Rich. "Costco says it will open store on Powers in ’07", Colorado Springs Gazette, 3 November 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
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  61. ^ Sealover, Ed. "Bruce battling initiative summaries", Colorado Springs Gazette, 28 September 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  62. ^ Huspeni, Dennis. "Date set for Bruce to dispute fees", Colorado Springs Gazette, 11 October 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  63. ^ Zubeck, Pam. "Is stormwater a city entity?", Colorado Springs Gazette, 1 August 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  64. ^ Henley, Kyle. "Streetlight fee to stand", Colorado Springs Gazette, 5 April 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  65. ^ Sealover, Ed. "A boost for parks, open space", Colorado Springs Gazette, 28 February 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  66. ^ Henley, Kyle. "Complaint against Bruce probed", Colorado Springs Gazette, 2 August 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  67. ^ KRDO.com Colorado Springs, Pueblo - Weather, News, Sports - Douglas Bruce Petition Push
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  73. ^ Sealover, Ed. "Bruce’s late show may inspire new law", Colorado Springs Gazette, 19 December 2007. Retrieved on 2007-12-19. 
  74. ^ Davidson, Michael. "Bill aims to head off Bruce-like late shows", Colorado Springs Gazette, 22 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  75. ^ Brown, Jennifer. "Bruce: Don't tread on me", Denver Post, 7 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-07. 
  76. ^ Davidson, Michael. "House OKs bill requiring legislators to take office within 14 days", Colorado Springs Gazette, 9 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-11. 
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  81. ^ Brown, Jennifer. "House panel steps into kicking incident", Denver Post, 16 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 
  82. ^ Brown, Jennifer. "House panel chides Bruce over kick", Denver Post, 18 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 
  83. ^ Staff Reports. "House censures Douglas Bruce", Denver Post, 24 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 
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  87. ^ Saccone, Mike. "Bruce wants colleagues schooled", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, 20 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-23. 
  88. ^ Davidson, Michael; Ed Sealover. "Assembly glance", Colorado Springs Gazette, 1 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-04. 
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  90. ^ Associated Press. "Colo. Plan Would Limit Lawmaker Pay", Conde Nast Portfolio.com, 22 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  91. ^ a b c d Sealover, Ed. "Douglas Bruce: A pariah or a beleaguered reformer?", Colorado Springs Gazette, 1 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 
  92. ^ Davidson, Michael. "2 bills seek to change how Colorado's electoral districts are drawn", Colorado Springs Gazette, 28 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-29. 
  93. ^ Staff Reports. "Bruce rips legislation's "safety clause."", Denver Post, 16 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-15. 
  94. ^ Sealover, Ed. "Venerable "safety clause" an early Bruce target", Colorado Springs Gazette, 16 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-15. 
  95. ^ Sealover, Ed. "Bruce plan for Tasers welcomed; request for bigger office isn't", Colorado Springs Gazette, 12 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 
  96. ^ Staff Reports. "Roll call, March 13", Rocky Mountain News, 13 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 
  97. ^ Staff Reports. "Roll call, March 27", Rocky Mountain News, 27 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 
  98. ^ Hanel, Joe. "State’s $17.6B budget passes House", Durango Herald, 28 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 
  99. ^ Staff Reports. "GOP rolls eyes as House Dems cite kids in budget nod", Denver Post, 28 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 
  100. ^ Sealover, Ed. "House Dems thwart GOP efforts to pare down state budget", Colorado Springs Gazette, 26 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 
  101. ^ Slater, Jane. "House Takes Up State's Budget", TheDenverChannel.com, 26 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 
  102. ^ Hanel, Joe. "Panel: Make it tougher to amend constitution", Durango Herald, 10 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-11. 
  103. ^ Hanel, Joe. "Liberal groups, Bruce join forces", Durango Herald, 2 May 2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 
  104. ^ Hoover, Tim. "House gives initial OK to bill on tenant rights", Denver Post, 24 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 
  105. ^ Staff Reports. "Bruce Defends Voting On Landlord-Tenant Bill", TheDenverChannel.com, 24 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 
  106. ^ Gathright, Alan; Daniel J. Chacon. "Bruce snubs military tribute", Rocky Mountain News, 13 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-15. 
  107. ^ Editorial Board. "Our View - Friday", Colorado Springs Gazette, 13 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 
  108. ^ Chacon, Daniel J.. "Rep. Bruce tossed off panel", Rocky Mountain News, 15 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-15. 
  109. ^ Zelinger, Marshall. "Rep. Doug Bruce Refuses To Honor Military", KRDO.com, 13 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-15. 
  110. ^ Sealover, Ed; Michael Davidson. "Bruce yanked off veterans committee", Colorado Springs Gazette, 15 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-15. 
  111. ^ Staff Reports. "House resolves to be civil, Bruce votes aye", Denver Post, 19 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  112. ^ Fender, Jessica. "It's all in a day's perk: wrangling over per diems", Denver Post, 22 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  113. ^ Barge, Chris. "Douglas Bruce overcharges state on per diem", Rocky Mountain News, 20 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  114. ^ Associated Press. "Douglas Bruce claims too much in expenses, says he'll return money", Greeley Tribune, 21 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 
  115. ^ Barge, Chris. "Bruce: $750 overcharge an error", Rocky Mountain News, 21 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  116. ^ Sealover, Ed. "Bruce asks state for $750 too much", Colorado Springs Gazette, 21 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
  117. ^ DeGette, Cara. "The Irony Of The Bruce Anti-Tax Machine", Colorado Confidential, 23 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 
  118. ^ Staff Reports. "Bruce: Illegal immigrant workers are 'illiterate peasants'", Rocky Mountain News, 21 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 
  119. ^ Barge, Chris; Alan Gathright. "Rebukes envelop Bruce", Rocky Mountain News, 21 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-29. 
  120. ^ Davidson, Michael. "Bruce calls farmworkers 'illiterate peasants'", Colorado Springs Gazette, 21 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 
  121. ^ a b Paulson, Steven K.. "Colo. lawmaker removed from podium over Mexicans remark", Associated Press, 21 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 
  122. ^ Anti-Defamation League (22 April 2008). "ADL Decries Rep. Bruce Comments Calling Foreign Workers 'Illiterate Peasants'". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
  123. ^ Sealover, Ed. "Critics call for Bruce's resignation after remark", Colorado Springs Gazette, 22 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 
  124. ^ Fender, Jessica. "Bruce barred from speaking after 'illiterate' remark", Denver Post, 21 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 
  125. ^ a b Hoover, Tim. "No ethics probe for Bruce over Mexican comment", Denver Post, 22 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 
  126. ^ Brennan, Charlie. "Threats in Wake of Bruce Controversy", MyFoxColorado, 23 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-26. 
  127. ^ Saccone, Mike. "Legislator threatened over Bruce incident", Grand Junction Sentinel, 22 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 
  128. ^ Ingold, John. "Brigade of Bruce defenders fires e-mail barrage", Denver Post, 24 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 
  129. ^ Davidson, Michael. "Legislative glance: Wednesday in Review", Colorado Springs Gazette, 24 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 
  130. ^ Espinoza, Annette. "Bruce quote sparks protest", Denver Post, 27 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 
  131. ^ Jessup, Terry. "Migrant Workers Protest Bruce's 'Peasant' Comments", CBS4Denver.com, 27 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 
  132. ^ Fender, Jessica. "A new, improved and PC Bruce", Denver Post, 25 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 
  133. ^ Pelzer, Jeremy. "Bruce shows his sensitive side", PolitickerCO, 25 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 
  134. ^ a b Bartels, Lynn. "Woman files sexual harassment complaint against embattled Bruce", Rocky Mountain News, 30 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 
  135. ^ Schrager, Adam. "Bruce accused of sexually harassing staffer", 9News.com, 30 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 
  136. ^ Fender, Jessica. "Sources: Staffer accuses Bruce of sex harassment", Denver Post, 1 May 2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  137. ^ Staff Reports. "Bruce says he "just looked" at woman", Denver Post, 2 May 2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 
  138. ^ Martinez, Julia C.. "Douglas Bruce among three vying for House seat", Denver Post, November 27, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-27. 
  139. ^ Staff Reports. "On the stump - February 29, 2008", Colorado Springs Gazette, 29 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 
  140. ^ Sealover, Ed. "Bruce knocked to No. 2 on the ballot", Colorado Springs Gazette, 8 March 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. 
  141. ^ DeGette, Cara. "Former Douglas Bruce Supporter: 'We Were Wrong'", Colorado Confidential, 5 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 
  142. ^ a b Crummy, Karen E.. "Bruce's lip sinking his ship?", Denver Post, 30 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 
  143. ^ Sealover, Ed. "Bruce draws fire over fliers", Colorado Springs Gazette, 1 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 
  144. ^ Ingold, John; Jessica Fender. "Bruce fliers bring rebuke", Denver Post, 1 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 
  145. ^ Mitchell, Carlyn Ray. "Dem opens bid for commission seat", Colorado Springs Gazette, 27 February 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 
  146. ^ Unofficial Candidate List For the August 12, 2008 Primary Election. Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved on 2008-04-22.

[edit] External links

Current members of the Colorado House of Representatives

1st: Jeanne Labuda (D)
2nd: Mark Ferrandino (D)
3rd: Anne McGihon (D)
4th: Jerry Frangas (D)
5th: Joel Judd (D)
6th: Andrew Romanoff (D)
7th: Terrance Carroll (D)
8th: Rosemary Marshall (D)
9th: Alice Borodkin (D)
10th: Alice Madden (D)
11th: John Pommer (D)
12th: Paul Weissmann (D)
13th: Claire Levy (D)
14th: Kent Lambert (R)
15th: Douglas Bruce (R)
16th: Larry Liston (R)

17th: Stella Garza-Hicks (R)
18th: Michael Merrifield (D)
19th: Marsha Looper (R)
20th: Amy Stephens (R)
21st: Bob Gardner (R)
22nd: Ken Summers (R)
23rd: Gwyn Green (D)
24th: Cheri Jahn (D)
25th: Robert Witwer (R)
26th: Andy Kerr (D)
27th: Sara Gagliardi (D)
28th: James Kerr (R)
29th: Debbie Benefield (D)
30th: Mary Hodge (D)
31st: Judith Anne Solano (D)
32nd: Edward Casso (D)

33rd: Dianne Primavera (D)
34th: John Soper (D)
35th: Cherylin Peniston (D)
36th: Morgan Carroll (D)
37th: Spencer Swalm (R)
38th: Joe Rice (D)
39th: David Balmer (R)
40th: Debbie Stafford (D)
41st: Nancy Todd (D)
42nd: Karen Middleton (D)
43rd: Frank McNulty (R)
44th: Mike May (R)
45th: Victor Mitchell (R)
46th: Dorothy Butcher (D)
47th: Liane McFayden (D)
48th: Glenn Vaad (R)

49th: Kevin Lundberg (R)
50th: Jim Riesberg (D)
51st: Don Marostica (R)
52nd: John Kefalas (D)
53rd: Randy Fischer (D)
54th: Steve King (R)
55th: Bernie Buescher (D)
56th: Christine Scanlan (D)
57th: Albert White (R)
58th: Raymond Rose (R)
59th: Ellen Roberts (R)
60th: Thomas Massey (R)
61st: Kathleen Curry (D)
62nd: Rafael Gallegos (D)
63rd: Cory Gardner (R)
64th: Wesley McKinley (D)
65th: Jerry Sonnenberg (R)
Democrat (40 seats) | Republican (25 seats)