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Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) is an enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine: Synonyms: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28, tryptophan decarboxylase, 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, AAAD) is a lyase enzyme.
DBH is a 290 kDa copper-containing oxygenase consisting of four identical subunits, and its activity requires ascorbate as a cofactor. [1] It is the only enzyme involved in the synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters that is membrane-bound, making norepinephrine and epinephrine the only transmitters synthesized inside vesicles. It is expressed in noradrenergic nerve terminals of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.
DBH is inhibited by disulfiram, [2] tropolone, [3] and, most selectively, by nepicastat. [4]
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[edit] References
- ^ Rush RA, Geffen LB (1980). "Dopamine beta-hydroxylase in health and disease.". Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 12 (3): 241–77. doi:10.3109/10408368009108731. PMID 6998654.
- ^ Goldstein M, Anagnoste B, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). "Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by Disulfiram.". Life Sci 3: 763–7. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(64)90031-1. PMID 14203977.
- ^ Goldstein M, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). "Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by tropolone and other chelating agents.". Biochem Pharmacol 13: 1103–6. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(64)90109-1. PMID 14201135.
- ^ Stanley WC et al. (1997). "Catecholamine modulatory effects of nepicastat (RS-25560-197), a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.". British Journal of Pharmacology 121 (8): 1803–9. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701315. PMID 9283721.
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