Domenico Silvio Passionei

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A painting of Cardinal Passionei from the 18th century

Domenico Silvio Passionei (December 2, 1682 - July 5, 1761) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

Born in Fossombrone near Urbino, Marche, he went to Rome in 1695, where he studied philosophy at the Collegio Clementino (Ph.D. in 1701) and law at the university La Sapienza. Already in these early years he corresponded with scholars throughout Europe, including Protestants and Jansenists. In 1706, he was sent as legate to Paris, where he stayed for two years, before travelling through the Netherlands, where he participated as official representative of the Holy See at the peace conferences of The Hague (1708) and Utrecht (1712). Upon his return to Rome, he was made a prelate, but when he was denied a nuciature, he temporarily retired from 1717 (after his father's death) to 1721 on his estate in Fossombrone.

Under the new Pope Innocent XIII, he finally was named Nuncio in Lucerne, Switzerland, and also made titulary archbishop of Ephesos. From 1730 to 1738, he was Nuncio in Vienna. In 1738, he was created Cardinal Priest, and three years later, he became pro-librarian of the Vatican Library to Cardinal Quirini, whom he would succeed as librarian in 1755.

Passionei was decidedly anti-Jesuit, opposing the beatification of the Jesuit Cardinal Bellarmine in 1754. Other than that, he was a proponent of a liberal Catholicism and considered a protector of Jansenists, and defended authors like Montesquieu or Helvétius in Index trials.