User:Djlayton4/Sabatia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the amphibians that occur in the Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western Virginia.
- Abundant refers to species that may be seen daily in its suitable habitat and season, and counted in relatively large numbers.
- Common denotes species that may be seen daily in its suitable habitat and season, but not in large numbers.
- Uncommon means a species is likely to be seen only monthly in its appropriate season and habitat, though it may be locally common.
- Rare refers to a species that is only seen a few times each year.
- Uknown is used when abundance has not been assessed.
| Family Ambystomatidae | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Common name | Genus and Species | Abundance | Picture |
| Jefferson Salamander | Ambystoma jeffersonianum | Uncommon | |
| Spotted Salamander | Ambystoma maculatum | Uncommon |  |
| Family Bufonidae | |||
| American Toad | Bufo americanus | Common |  |
| Fowler's Toad | Bufo fowleri | Rare |  |
| Family Hylidae | |||
| Northern Cricket Frog | Acris crepitans | Uncommon |  |
| Gray Tree Frog | Hyla versicolor | Uncommon |  |
| Spring Peeper | Pseudacris crucifer | Uncommon |  |
| Upland Chorus Frog | Pseudacris triseriata feriarum | Uncommon |  |
| Family Plethodontidae | |||
| Dusky Salamander | Desmognathus fuscus | Abundant | |
| Seal Salamander | Desmognathus monticola | Common | |
| Northern Two-lined Salamander | Eurycea bislineata | Abundant | |
| Three-lined Salamander | Eurycea longicauda guttolineata | Unknown | |
| Longtail Salamander | Eurycea longicauda longicauda | Rare | |
| Spring Salamander | Gyrinophilus porphyriticus | Uncommon | |
| Four-toed Salamander | Hemidactylium scutatum | Rare | |
| Red Back Salamander | Plethodon cinereus | Abundant |  |
| White-spotted Slimy Salamander | Plethodon cylindraceus | Unknown | |
| Shenandoah Salamander | Plethodon shenandoah | Unknown |  |
| Family Ranidae | |||
| Bullfrog | Rana catesbeiana | Uncommon |  |
| Green Frog | Rana clamitans | Common |  |
| Pickerel Frog | Rana palustris | Common |  |
| Wood Frog | Rana sylvatica | Uncommon |  |
| Family Salamandridae | |||
| Eastern Newt | Notophthalmus viridescens | Uncommon |  |
Contents |
[edit] References
- Amphibians of the Shenandoah National Park, National Park Service, <http://www.nps.gov/shen/naturescience/upload/Amphibians_of_Shenandoah_National_Park.pdf>
| Commelina diffusa | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
|
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Commelina diffusa Burman |
Commelina diffusa is a pantropical herbaceous plant in the dayflower family. It has been introduced to the southeastern United States where it is most common in wet disturbed soils. There are two recognised varieties, one being the type and the other being C. diffusa var. gigas, which is native to Asia and has been introduced to Florida. It flowers from spring to fall and is most common in disturbed situations, moist places and forests. In China the plant is used medicinally as a febrifuge and a diuretic. A blue dye is also extracted from the flower for paints.
[edit] Description
Commelina diffusa is typically an annual herb, though it may be perennial in the tropics. It spreads diffusely, creeping along the ground, branching heavily and rooting at the nodes, obtaining stem lengths up to 1 metre. Pubescence on the stem is variable and ranges from glabrous to hispidulous, which can occur either in a line or throughout.[1][2]
[edit] Distribution
The plant is present in tropical and subtropical locations worldwide. It can be found throughout much of southern China, specifically in the provinces of Guangdong, southwestern Guangxi, southwestern Guizhou, Hainan, southeasten Xizang and southeastern Yunnan.[2] It has also been introduced to the southeastern United States where it is present from Maryland in the north, west to Missouri and south to Texas and Florida. The variety C. diffusa var. gigas has also been introduced to Florida.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b Faden, Robert (2006), “Commelina diffusa”, in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+, Flora of North America online, vol. 22, New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b Hong, Deyuan; DeFillipps, Robert A. (2000), “Commelina diffusa”, in Wu, Z. Y.; Raven, P.H.; Hong, D.Y., Flora of China, vol. 24, Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, pp. 36
[edit] FNA
Herbs, annual (sometimes perennial in south), diffusely spreading, rooting at nodes. Leaves: blade lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, lanceolate-elliptic or ovate, 1.5--5(--8) cm, 0.5--1.8(--2.2) cm, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences: proximal cyme 2--4-flowered, distal cyme of larger spathes usually exserted, 1--several-flowered; spathes solitary, pedunculate, usually distinctly falcate, (0.5--)0.8--2.5(--3.7) ´ 0.4--1.2(--1.4) cm, apex usually acuminate; peduncles 0.5--2(--2.9) cm. Flowers blue (rarely lavender); medial stamen anther connective with broad, transverse band of violet. Capsules 3-locular, 2-valved, 4--6.3 ´ (2.1--)3--4 mm. Seeds 5, brown, 2--2.8(--3.2) mm ´ 1.4--1.8 mm, deeply reticulate. 2n = 30.
Flowering spring--fall. Disturbed situations (lawns, gardens, and cultivated ground), moist places, and woods; introduced; Ala., Ark., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.C., Ohio, Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.; pantropical.
[edit] FC
Herbs annual. Stems creeping, branched (sometimes at every node), to more than 1 m, glabrous or hispidulous throughout or in a line. Leaves subsessile; leaf sheath hispid or hispid-ciliate, with red lines; leaf blade lanceolate or proximal ones oblong, 3--12 × 0.8--3 cm, glabrous or hispid. Involucral bracts borne opposite leaves, folded, ovate-lanceolate, 1--4 cm, glabrous or hispidulous abaxially, base cordate or rounded, apex acuminate or shortly so. Cincinni dichotomously branched from base; 1 branch with 1.5--2 cm long peduncle and 1--4 long-exserted male flowers; other branch with much shorter peduncle and 3--5 bisexual flowers included in involucral bracts; pedicels thick and curved, ca. 3 mm, to 5 mm in fruit. Sepals 3--4 mm, membranous. Petals blue, 2 longer ones 4.2--6 mm. Capsule oblong, trigonous, ca. 5 mm, 3-valved; posterior valve with 1 seed, indehiscent; other 2 valves each with 2 seeds, dehiscent. Seeds black, ovoid-globose, ca. 2 mm, reticulate. Fl. May--Nov.
Forests, thickets, streamsides, humid open places; near sea level to 2100 m. Guangdong, SW Guangxi (Longzhou Xian, Pingxiang Shi), SW Guizhou (Anlong Xian, Wangmo Xian), Hainan, SE Xizang (Mêdog Xian), SE Yunnan [tropics and subtropics worldwide].
A medicinal herb with febrifugal and diuretic effects. The petal juice can be used as a dye for painting.
