Direct films
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Direct films are produced by painting, drawing, scraping or otherwise working directly on film to create an image without the use of a camera.
While applying color to film in the form of tinting or toning where black and white photographs would be given color, direct films are a variety of animation. This process has been most commonly used by experimental filmmakers such as Stan Brakhage, Len Lye, and Norman McLaren:
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- In 1909, Italian Futurists Arnaldo Ginna and Bruno Corra discuss their nine abstract films (now lost) in the Futurist Manifesto of Cinema.
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- In 1916, American concert pianist Mary Hallock-Greenewalt produced hand-painted films for projection in her visual music player the Sarabet.
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- In the 1930s, Len Lye and Norman McLaren produced hand-painted films for John Grierson in the GPO film office. At Grierson's invitation, McLaren continued this work at the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), founding the NFB's animation unit.
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- In 1946, Harry Smith produced hand-painted films in San Francisco which screened at the Art in Cinema series at the San Francisco Museum of Art.
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- In 1970, José Antonio Sistiaga exhibited the first feature-length hand-painted film, the silent epic ... era erera baleibu izik subua aruaren ..., in Madrid.
[edit] References
- Malcolm LeGrice, Abstract Film and Beyond. [MIT Press, 1979]
- The Dream of Color Music, And Machines That Made it Possible
- Michael Betancourt, Mary Hallock-Greenewalt: The Complete Patents. [Wildside Press, 2005]
