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Maly theatre, Moscow

This page is about the Maly Theatre in Moscow. For other uses, see DionysosProteus/Sandbox2 (disambiguation).

The Maly Theatre (Russian: Государственный академический Малый театр России) is a theatre company and the building in which they perform in Moscow, Russia.

An imperial edict of Empress Elizabeth created the company in 1756.^[1] The poet and dramatist Mikhail Kheraskov led the company, whose members were drawn from the students of the newly-created Moscow University. The company was absorbed into the Moscow State Theatre, which opened in 1805 when the crown purchased seventy-four serf actors. The company was expanded to include a training school in 1809.^[2]

1 Babelfish Maly homepage history
2 See also
3 References
- 3.1 Footnotes
- 3.2 Sources
4 External links

[edit] Babelfish Maly homepage history

ruby-colored theater - oldest theater of Russia. Its company was created with Moscow University in 1756, immediately after the known edict of empress Elizabeth Petrovna, which marked the generation of professional theater in our country: "we commanded to now found Russian for the idea of comedies and tragedies theater..." Well-known poet and dramatist M.M.Kheraskov headed free Russian theater with the university. The students of university secondary school were its artists. On the basis of university was created dramatic Petrovskiy theater. In these years his company was supplemented by the actors of fortress theaters. But building in 1805 sgorelo, and company remained without the scene. However, already in the following, 1806, in Moscow was formed the board of emperor theaters. To the service into it entered the artists former Petrovskiy. The new company of emperor Moscow theater came out on different stage areas, until finally the board of emperor theaters approaches realizing of architect bove's idea: to the building in Moscow of theatrical center. Thus, the "ancestor" of small theater appeared theater with Moscow University. But not because of this small they called the "second university", but because of that influence, which it rendered to the Russian culture, to the minds, to the moods in the society. Small theater from the day of its base is one of the very important it is center the spiritual life of Russia. Merchant vargin's house, where was opened small theater in 1824 in 1824 To bove it reconstructed for the theater merchant vargin's house, and the dramatic part of the Moscow company of emperor theater was called its own building over the Petrovskiy (now theatrical) area and its own name - small theater. "Moscow lists" placed declaration about the first play in the small: "the board of the emperor Moscow theater through this declares, that on following Tuesday on 14 October this year will be given in the new small theater, in the house Of vargina, over the Petrovskiy area, for the discovery onago the play of the 1st, namely: new overture composition. A.N.Verstovskogo, subsequently second time: Lily Is narbonskaya, or the vow of knight, new dramatic knightly idea- ballet... " The word "small" first even they did not write from the capital letter - indeed it is explained simply by the dimensions of building, which was small in comparison with the confronting in the neighborhood Bolshoi theater, intended for the ballet and operatic plays. But soon the words of "large" and "small" became names their own, and now in all countries of peace they sound in the Russian language. The ballet- operatic and dramatic companies of emperor Moscow theater were the single whole up to 1824: one and the same artist could participate in the plays of different kind. For a long time theaters were connected even by underground motion. Continued the interpenetration of genres. The building of Moscow small theater, the photograph of the 90th is annual THE XIX century even with the life Of a.S.Pushkina small it created the stage versions of three works of the poet: "Ruslan and Ludmilas" (1825), "bakhchisarayskogo fountain" (1827 g.) and "gipsies" (1832). From foreign dramaturgy the theater gave preference to the works of Shakespeare and Shiller. However, together with the serious plays, there was in the small theater a "light" repertoire: melodrama and vaudevilles. Outstanding event in the life of small became setting the comedy Of a.S.Griboyedova "mountain from the mind". In 1830 the censorship solved to the idea only separate scenes from the play, while in 1831 theatrical Moscow for the first time saw with its pillar. In the play participated two great masters of Moscow scene - Shchepkin in the role Of famusova and Mochalov in the role Of chatskogo. Not less important stage in the creative life of small theater were settings of the plays Of n.V.Gogolya. Great writer himself, hoping for the precise reading of his play "inspector" in the small theater, wrote M.S.Shchepkinu the letter, where it gave to it councils for the setting. Theater also created dramatization "corpses shower", and subsequently were placed "marriage" and "players" Of n.V.Gogolya, the "players" coming into being for the first time. Highly valued the skill of the small theater Of i.S.Turgenev. Specially for the small and its coryphaeas - M.S.Shchepkina - it created its plays "bachelor" and "nakhlebnik". In the small theater was for the first time represented famous comedy "wedding Of the krechinskogo" Of a.V.Sukhovo-Kobylina. The famous writer Of i.A.Goncharov, being turned to The the a.N.Ostrovskomu, he wrote: "only after you, we, Russians, can with the pride say: "we have its Russian, national theater. It, on the validity, must be called the "theater of Ostrovskiy". Today Ostrovskiy and Malyy is theater - names, not separated from each other. Great dramatist wrote 48 plays, and they all were set in the small. Ostrovskiy created plays specially for the small and compulsorily itself read their actors. Furthermore, it carried out rehearsals with the actors, determining treatment and nature of the performance of plays. Many works were written to Ostrovskiy for the benefit performances, on the request of that or other of actor maly theater. The auditorium of the Moscow small theater of y9y'g. even with the life dramatist malyy they began to call the "house of Ostrovskiy". Monument to great dramatist is established at the entrance into the theater. And, whatever changes occurred in the theater and in the society, the plays of Ostrovskiy preserved and preserve leading position in the small. 150 years ago was concluded the union, indissoluble and until now: Ostrovskiy found his theater, small theater - its dramatist. On the boundary OF THE XIX and THE XX is age-long the basis of the repertoire of small theater continued to compose the works of Russian and foreign classics. In this case the interest of public in the skill of small theater remained extremely high - so, play "Orleans virgin" on F.Shilleru with the great Yermolovoy in the main role went on the scene for 18 years, moreover 9 years afterward premiers it was postponed by the scene of the Bolshoi theater, since small did not contain all those desiring to look it. It occurred and so that, on the contrary, operatic and ballet plays dispatch in the small. Specifically, here, at will Of p.I.Chaykovskogo, it took place the premier of opera "Yevgeny Onegin". The contemporary generation of artists and directors of small theater is characterized by adherence to its rich traditions and is based on the experience of predecessors. Today, as always, the basis of the repertoire of theater compose the plays Of the a.N.Ostrovskogo: "to any wise man it is sufficient of simplicity", "Pravda - it is good, and happiness are better", "last victim", "wolves and sheep", "not there was half copeck coin, yes suddenly 3-copeck piece", "forest", "fabulous sums of money", "working bread", "our people - let us be considered!", "abyss". In the bylye times the theater could not find common language with The the a.P.Chekhovym - with the life of writer at the scene of small theater appeared only his ridiculous vaudevilles. However, today plays on the great plays of Chekhov occupy significant place in the life of the theater: "cherry garden", "seagull", "three sisters". Its kind the "residency card" of small theater became the dramatic trilogy A.K.Tolstogo, which tells about the history of the state of the Russian: "tsar Hans groznyy", "tsar Fedor ioannovich", "tsar Boris". In the plays on A.K. to Tolstoy sounds the music Of g.V.Sviridova, which the great composer wrote specially for the small theater. Does not work by its attention theater and foreign classics - in his repertoire of the play Of u.Shekspira, F.Shillera, Zh -B.Mol6era, E.Skriba. Theater head artistic leader narodnyy the artist OF THE USSR Yu.M.Solomin and general director the people artist OF THE USSR V.I.Korshunov. In the company of theater many most widely known, loved by people artists - people artiste OF THE USSR E.A.Bystritskaya, the people artists of Russia T.P.Pankova, T.A.Eremeyeva, Yu.I.Kayurov, I.V.Murav'eva, E.E.Martsevich, N.I.Korniyenko, V.A.Bortsov, V.I.Bochkarev, B.V.Klyuev, A.S.Potapov and many others - list is possible to continue and to continue. The company of theater counts more than 100 people, and the total quantity of workers in the theater - more than 700. Small (only of all dramatic theaters of the country) preserved its vocal- dramatic composition, chorus and small symphonic orchestra. In the composition of orchestra - musicians of the highest professional level, the laureates of international competitions. During October 1995 was opened after repair the branch of small theater on the street large Ordynka. If on the basic scene of small theater goes only classics, then branch became the experimental site, where classics coexists with the forms - then new for the oldest association, in 1997 was there set the musical Of a.Kolkera on the play Of a.V.Sukhovo-Kobylina "wedding Of krechinskogo". The creative life of theater is extremely active and fruitful. In each season small lets out 4-5 new plays and removes anything of the old names from its repertoire. Is extensive the theatrical geography of theater - in recent years it visited Germany, France, Japan, Israel, Greece, Cyprus, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Mongolia, South Korea and other countries. Small theater is initiator and regularly carries out All-Russian festival "Ostrovskiy in the house of Ostrovskiy". This festival achieves a noble mission of support to the Russian theatrical province, always rich in talents. Theaters from the different it is municipal and Russia regions represent their settings on the plays of great dramatist on the scene of small theater. Recently was borne one additional theatrical forum - international festival of national theaters. The idea of its conducting again belonged to small. Within the framework of this festival the theaters from the different countries of peace bring to the oldest Moscow dramatic scene their traditional settings, created in the river bed of national skill. Status of national property is appropriated to small theater by the President's Decree of Russia. Small was included in the list of the separately valuable cultural objects of the country, together with the Bolshoi theater, By tret'yakovskoy gallery, by hermitage.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Footnotes

^ Elizabeth's decree also created Moscow University.
^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 314).

[edit] Sources

Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521434378.
Brockett, Oscar G. and Franklin J. Hildy. 2003. History of the Theatre. Ninth edition, International edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0205410502.