Diocese of Le Mans
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The Diocese of Le Mans is a Roman Catholic diocese of France.
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[edit] Area
It comprises the entire department of Sarthe. Prior to the French Revolution it included 636 parishes and was one of the most extensive dioceses of France; at the time of the Concordat of 1801, it lost some parishes in Vendômois and Normandy and acquired some in Anjou. The Diocese of Le Mans embraced 665 communes from then up to the year 1855, when the department of Mayenne was detached from it to form the Diocese of Laval.
[edit] Origins
The origin of the Diocese of Le Mans has given rise to very complicated discussions among scholars, based on the value of the Gesta domni Aldrici, and of the Actus Pontificum Cenomannis in urbe degentium, both compiled during the episcopate of Aldric (832-857).
[edit] First bishops
The "Gesta" relate that Aldric had the bodies of Saints Julianus, Turibius, Pavatius, Romanus, Liborius, and Hadoindus, first bishops of Mans, brought to his cathedral; the Acts make St. Julianus one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ and state that he arrived at Le Mans with two companions: Turibius, who became bishop under Antoninus (138-161), and Pavatius who was bishop under Maximinus (235-238) and under Aurelian (270-275), in which event, Pavatius would have lived over two hundred years. Liborius, successor of Pavatius, would have been the contemporary of Valentinian (364-375).
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, "these chronological absurdities of the Acts have led Msgr Duchesne to conclude that the first Bishop of Le Mans whose episcopate can be dated with certainty is Victurius, who attended the Councils of Angers and of Tours, in 453 and 461, and to whom Gregory of Tours alludes as 'a venerable confessor'. Turibius who, according to the Acts, was the successor of Julianus, was, on the contrary, successor to Victurius and occupied the see from 490 to 496."
[edit] Bishops
[edit] To 1000
- St. Julianus (Julian)
- Turibius (see below)
- Pavatius, Pavacius
- Liborius (348-396)
- Romanus
- Victurius (450s and 60s)
- Turibius (490-496)
- Principius (497-511)
- Innocentius (532-43)
- Domnolus (560-81)
- Bertechramnus, Bertram, Bertran, Bertrand (587-623), founder of the Abbey of Notre-Dame de la Couture
- Hadoindus, Haduin, Harduin (623-54)
- Berecharius, Berarius, Beraire (655-70)
- St. Aldric (832-57). It was Aldric who had the relics of St. Liborius conveyed to Paderborn.
- Aiglibert
[edit] 1000 to 1500
- Avesgaud of Bellème
- Gervais de Château-du-Loir 1036–1055
- Wilgrin 1055–1064
- Arnaud 1067–1081
- Hoël 1085–1097
- Hildebert of Lavardin 1097–1125
- Guy D'Etampes 1126–1135
- Hugues de Saint-Calais 1135–1142
- Guillaume de Passavant 1142–1186
- Renaud 1186–1189
- Hamelin 1190–1214
- Nicolas 1214–1216
- Maurice 1215–1231? oder 1234
- Geoffroi de Laval 1231–1234
- Geoffroi de Loudon 1234–1255: Blessed Geoffroy de Loudun (1234-55), whom Gregory IX made papal legate for the entire Kingdom of France, and who, in 1254, consecrated the cathedral of Le Mans and founded the superb monastery of Notre-Dame du Pare d'Orques, where he was interred.
- Guillaume Roland 1256–1260
- Geoffroi Freslon 1260–1274
- Geoffroi D`Assé 1274–1277
- Jean de Toulay 1277–1294
- Pierre Le Royer 1294–1295
- Denis Benoit 1296–1298
- Robert de Clinchamp 1298–1309
- Pierre de Longueil 1309–1326
- Guy de Laval 1326–1339
- Geoffroi de La Chapelle 1339–1350
- Jean de Craon 1350–1355
- Michel de Briche 1355–1368
- Gonthier de Baignaux 1368–1385
- Pierre de Savoisy 1385–1398
- Adam Chatelain 1398–1439
- Jean D'Ansières 1439–1451
- Martin Berruyer 1452–1467, who left a memoir written in defense of Joan of Arc.
- Thibaud de Luxembourg 1468–1474 (Cardinal)
- Philippe de Luxembourg 1477–1507
[edit] 1500-1800
- Franz von Luxemburg 1507–1509 (also Bishop of Saint-Pons de Thomières)
- Philippe de Luxemburg 1509–1519 (second time)
- Louis de Bourbon 1519–1535 (Cardinal)
- René du Bellay 1535–1546
- Jean du Bellay 1542–1556 (Cardina, 1 Nov 1542 Appointed - 27 Jul 1556 Resigned)
- Charles d'Angennes de Rambouillet 1559–1587 (Cardinal)
- Claude d'Angennes de Rambouillet 1588–1601
- Charles de Beaumanoir de Lavardin 1601–1637
- Emmeric-Marc de La Ferté 1637–1648
- Philibert-Emmanuel de Beaumanoir de Lavardin 1648–1671
- Louis de La Vergne de Monthirard de Tressan 1671–1712
- Pierre-Roger du Crévy 1712–1729
- Charles-Louis de Froulay de Tessé 1729–1767
- Louis-André de Grimaldi 1767–1777 (19 Apr 1767 Appointed - 16 Oct 1777 Appointed Bishop of Noyon)
- François-Gaspard de Jouffroy de Gonsans 1777–1790
- Jacques-Guillaume-René-François Prudhomme de La Boussinière 1791–1793
[edit] From 1800
- Johann Michael Josef von Pidoll de Quitenbach † (9 Apr 1802 Appointed - 23 Nov 1819 Died)
- Claude-Madeleine de La Myre-Mory † (5 Dec 1819 Appointed - 22 Dec 1828 Resigned)
- Philippe-Marie-Thérèse-Guy Carron † (16 Apr 1829 Appointed - 27 Aug 1833 Died)
- Jean-Baptiste Bouvier † (22 Nov 1833 Appointed - 29 Dec 1854 Died)
- Jean-Jacques Nanquette † (30 Aug 1855 Appointed - 19 Nov 1861 Died)
- Charles-Jean Fillion † (14 Jan 1862 Appointed - 28 Jul 1874 Died)
- Hector-Albert Chaulet d'Outremont † (14 Sep 1874 Appointed - 14 Sep 1884 Died)
- Guillaume-Marie-Joseph Labouré † (31 Dec 1884 Appointed - 13 Jun 1893 Appointed Archbishop of Rennes (, Dol, e Saint-Malo))
- Charles-Joseph-Louis-Abel Gilbert † (29 Jan 1894 Appointed - Aug 1897 Resigned)
- Marie-Prosper-Adolphe de Bonfils † (22 Mar 1898 Appointed - 2 Jun 1912 Died)
- Raymond-Marie-Turiaf de La Porte † (12 Aug 1912 Appointed - 30 Nov 1917 Resigned)
- Georges-François-Xavier-Marie Grente † (30 Jan 1918 Appointed - 4 May 1959 Died)
- Paul-Léon-Jean Chevalier † (4 May 1959 Succeeded - 28 Oct 1971 Retired)
- Bernard-Pierre-Edmond Alix † (28 Oct 1971 Succeeded - 13 Aug 1981 Resigned)
- Georges Edmond Robert Gilson (13 Aug 1981 Appointed - 2 Aug 1996 Appointed, Archbishop of Sens)
- Jacques Maurice Faivre (29 Jul 1997 Appointed - )
[edit] 1468 to 1519
From 1468 to 1519 the See of Le Mans was occupied by prelates of the House of Luxembourg, and from 1519 to 1537 by their cousin, Louis de Bourbon. Jean, Cardinal du Bellay, Dean of the Sacred College, was bishop from 1546 to 1556; and Bouvier, the theologian from 1834 to 1854.
[edit] Cult of St. Scholastica
During the episcopate of Berecharius (655-70) the body of St. Scholastica was brought from the monastery of Fleury to Le Mans; the monastery erected to shelter the remains of the saint was destroyed by the Northmen in the second half of the ninth century. A portion of her relics was brought in 874 by the Empress Richilda to the monastery of Juvigny les Dames. The remaining portion was conveyed to the interior of the citadel and placed in the apse of the collegiate church of St. Pierre la Cour, which served the counts of Maine as a domestic chapel. The fire that destroyed Le Mans, 3 September, 1134, also consumed the shrine of St. Scholastica, and only a few calcined bones were left. On 11 July, 1464, a confraternity was erected in honour of St. Scholastica, and on 23 November, 1876, she was officially proclaimed patroness of Le Mans.
[edit] La Flèche
The Jesuit college of La Flèche, founded in 1603 by Henry IV, enjoyed a great reputation for a century and a half, and Marshal de Guébriant, Descartes, Father Mersenne, Prince Eugene of Savoy, and Séguier were all numbered among its students. The Dominican convent of Le Mans, begun about 1219, in fact during the lifetime of St. Dominic, was eminently prosperous, thanks to the benefactions of John of Troeren, an English lord; the theologian Nicolas Coeffeteau, who died in 1623, was one of its glories, prior to becoming Bishop of Marseilles. The Revolution swept away this convent.
[edit] Saints held in veneration
The diocese honours in a special manner as saints: Peregrinus, Marcoratus, and Viventianus, martyrs; Hilary of Oizé, nephew of St. Hilary of Poitiers (in the fifth century); Bommer, Almirus, Leonard, and Ulphace, hermits; Gault, Front, and Brice, solitaries and previously monks of Micy; Fraimbault, hermit, founder of a small monastery in the valley of Gabrone; Calais, hermit and founder of the monastery of Anisole, from whom the town of Saint-Calais took its name; Laumer, successor to St. Calais; Guingalois or Guénolé, founder of the monastery of Landevenec in Brittany, whose relics are venerated at Château du Loir.
All in the sixth century: Rigomer, monk at Souligné, and Ténestine, his penitent, both of whom were acquitted before Childebert, through the miracle of Palaiseau, of accusations made against them (d. about 560); Longis, solitary, and Onofletta, his penitent; Siviard, Abbot of Anisole and author of the life of St. Calais (d. 681); the Irish St. Cérota, and her mistress Osmana, daughter of a king of Ireland, died a solitary near St-Brieuc, in the seventh century; Ménélé, and Savinian (d. about 720), natives of Précigné, who repaired to Auvergne to found the Abbey of Ménat, on the ruins of the hermitage where St. Calais had formerly lived; there is also a particular devotion in Le Mans to Blessed Ralph de La Fustaye, monk (twelfth century), disciple of Blessed Robert d'Arbrissel and founder of the Abbey of St. Sulpice, in the forest of Nid de Merle in the Diocese of Rennes. The celebrated Abbot de Rance made his novitiate at the Abbey of Persaigne in the Diocese of Le Mans. Also there may be mentioned as natives of the diocese, Urbain Grandier, the celebrated curé of Loudun, burned to death for sorcery in 1634; and Mersenne, the Minim (d. 1648), philosopher and mathematician and friend of Descartes and Pascal.
[edit] Churches and cathedrals
The cathedral of St. Julian of Mans, rebuilt towards the year 1100, exhibits specimens of all styles of architecture up to the fifteenth century, its thirteenth century choir being one of the most remarkable in France. The church of Notre-Dame de la Couture dates from the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. The Abbey of Solesmes, founded by Geoffroy de Sablé in 993 and completed in 1095, has a thirteenth-century which is a veritable museum of sculptures of the end of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its "Entombment of Christ," in terracotta, is famous; the Mary Magdalen in the group, already celebrated even in the fifteenth century for its beauty attracted the attention of Richelieu, who thought of having it brought to Paris. Several sculptures depicting scenes in the life of the Virgin Mary form a series unique in France.
Pilgrimages to Notre-Dame de Toutes Aides at Saint-Remy du Plein, Notre-Dame de La Faigne at Pontvallain, and Notre-Dame des Bois at La Suze, date back to primitive times. The chapel of Notre Dame de Torcé, erected in the sixth century, has been much frequented by pilgrims since the eleventh century. Besides these places of pilgrimage may be mentioned those of Notre-Dame de Labit at Domfront, and of Notre-Dame du Chene at Vion, near Sablé, which can be traced to 1494. It was established in the place where in former times Urban II had preached the First Crusade.
[edit] External links
- "Le Mans". Catholic Encyclopedia. (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- (French) Official site
- Diocese of Le Mans
This article incorporates text from the entry Le Mans in the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.
