Dini test

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In mathematics, the Dini and Dini-Lipschitz tests are highly precise tests that can be used to prove that the Fourier series of a function converges at a given point. These tests are named after Ulisse Dini and Rudolf Lipschitz.^[1]

1 Definition
2 Precision
3 See also
4 References

[edit] Definition

Let f be a function on [0,2π], let t be some point and let δ be a positive number. We define the local modulus of continuity at the point t by

$\left.\right.\omega_f(\delta;t)=\max_{|\varepsilon| \le \delta} |f(t)-f(t+\varepsilon)|.$

Notice that we consider here f to be a periodic function, e.g. if t = 0 and ε is negative then we define f(ε) = f(2π + ε).

The global modulus of continuity (or simply the modulus of continuity) is defined by

$\left.\right.\omega_f(\delta) = \max_t \omega_f(\delta;t)$

With these definitions we may state the main results

Theorem (Dini's test): Assume a function f satisfies at a point t that

$\int_0^\pi \frac{1}{\delta}\omega_f(\delta;t)\,d\delta < \infty.$

Then the Fourier series of f converges at t to f(t).

For example, the theorem holds with $ω f = log - 2 (δ - 1)$ but does not hold with $log - 1 (δ - 1)$ .

Theorem (the Dini-Lipschitz test): Assume a function f satisfies

$\omega_f(\delta)=o\left(\log\frac{1}{\delta}\right)^{-1}.$

Then the Fourier series of f converges uniformly to f.

In particular, any function of a Hölder class satisfies the Dini-Lipschitz test.

[edit] Precision

Both tests are best of their kind. For the Dini-Lipschitz test, it is possible to construct a function f with its modulus of continuity satisfying the test with O instead of o, i.e.

$\omega_f(\delta)=O\left(\log\frac{1}{\delta}\right)^{-1}.$