Digital supply chain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Digital Supply Chain is a new media term which encompasses the process of the delivery of digital media, be it music or video, by electronic means, from the point of origin (Content Provider) to destination (consumer). In much the same manner a physical medium must go through a “supply chain” process in order to mature into a consumable product, digital media must pass through various stages in processing to get to a point in which the consumer can enjoy the music or video on a computer or television set.
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[edit] Components
Below are some of the components and processes involved in the digital supply chain, in roughly sequential order, to bring raw content to a format available to a consumer via personal computer or set-top box:
[edit] Content Provider
The content provider provides the actual content that will ultimately be consumed by the end-user. The content provider provides the content in a variety of formats; film, tape, file.
[edit] Capture
If the content provided by the content provider is not already in a digital format, it must first be converted to a digital format. In the case of film or tape, this is often called the “capture” process in which hardware will play back the original medium and “capture” its contents and convert it into a digital format. This captured file is often captured at the highest feasible quality as it is expected to undergo various processes that could degrade the quality. Therefore, the highest possible capture is always desired.
[edit] Compression
The captured digital file is often extremely large, requiring a large amount of digital storage space and impossible to delivery to the consumer via broadband methods. Therefore, it must be compressed in a process called encoding or transcoding.
In this process, a codec is used to compress the captured digital file into a format which is small enough to be delivered to the end-user, usually via broadband methods. This encoding process entails consideration of many variables as to how the file is to be compressed. For audio, this usually consists of bit-rate and sample rate. Additional variables for video include resolution, frame rate and also has its own bit-rate that needs to be specified.
These variables are determined by how a particular file is to be consumed; download, streaming to a PC, streaming to a mobile device, etc.
Quality, however, often becomes an issue at this stage and great care is taken to ensure the quality of the medium is of the highest possible quality for its intended delivery method. For example, a video encoded for streaming to mobile devices requires a much higher level of compression than would for a PC download, so the quality of the video will not be nearly as good.
[edit] Quality Control
Quality Control is required to ensure that a file that has been encoded has been encoded properly, with desired results and free of corruption. The degree to which a file is considered acceptable is based solely on the discretion of the party charged with encoding the content.
Quality Control need not only take place at this juncture. Most companies dealing with the Digital Supply chain process will subject the media to scrutiny of the quality control process at various stages including: original capture, post-compression, post-ingest and post-publish, thus ensuring the media has not become corrupt or has not been degraded undesirably during any stage along the Digital Supply Chain process.
[edit] Digital Asset Management
The Digital Asset Management System handles the metadata, content and their related assets such as album cover and movie poster art. It is often the Digital Asset Management Systems which also handles the publishing of the content itself to a digital storefront. Some Digital Asset Management Systems specifically built for the Digital Supply Chain and the delivery of electronic media will track the progress of content as it goes through the Digital Supply Chain. A good Digital Asset Management system should also include reporting tools which can report back on the status of various aspects of the Digital Supply Chain itself.
[edit] Metadata Entry
Metadata is the information that identifies and describes the contents of a medium. This information can include media-specific information such as: Title, artist(s), production company, seasonal/episodic description, original release date, etc. Metadata can also include business-related information such as: pricing and availability.
[edit] Digital Rights Management
An important aspect of the Digital Supply Chain is the process of encrypting the content so that it cannot be played back without the proper license which is often acquired via purchase of content or subscription. This reduces the possibility of media being pirated.
[edit] Ingest
Ingest is the stage in which the compressed file and metadata put into the digital asset management system. It is not necessary for the metadata and the compressed media file to be ingested into the system at the same time, however, there will be a point in the process in which both have been ingested into the system and the metadata can reference the media file.
[edit] Content Delivery Network
When media files are ingested they are hosted and delivered from a Content Delivery Network (CDN) capable of delivering the media to the end-user. The CDN should be able to support the expected number of consumers.
[edit] Merchant/Storefront/Etailer
The content will ultimately display on a digital storefront where the consumer can view a catalog listing of the content and access the content via purchase, subscription or other method a merchant has elected to make the content available.
Some popular merchants that act as digital storefronts are:
[edit] Digital Supply Chain Industry Players
- Accenture
- Ascent Media
- BluePrint
- Capgemini
- Extend Media
- Limelight Networks
- The Platform
- SmartJog
- Technicolor
[edit] Partnerships
Although content providers and retailers can have their own Digital Supply Chain to deliver content to the consumer, it is more likely that partnerships are formed in which specialized Digital Supply Chain service providers bridge the gap between the content providers and retailers. Some notable partnerships are referenced below:
- Accenture and Universal Music Group: "Accenture, an international outsourcing company, has been chosen to offer digital supply chain for global division of the largest music company of the world - the Universal Music Group. This contract is designed to assist the Universal Music Group further optimize its business processes in order to continue remaining ahead of high demand for the digital services and content." [1]
- Technicolor and CinemaNow: "CinemaNow also plans to expand internationally, leveraging Technicolor’s digital supply chain services, including preparing and hosting movies with subtitles and foreign-language audio tracks." [2]
