Developmental stage theories
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In Developmental psychology, a stage is a distinct phase in an individual's development. Many theories in psychology characterize development in terms of stages:
- Michael Commons' Model of Hierarchical Complexity.
- Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development expanding on Freud's psychosexual stages, he defined eight stages that describes how individuals relate to their social world.
- James W. Fowler's stages of faith development theory.
- Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual stages to describe the progression of an individual's unconscious desires.
- Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development to describe how individuals develop in reasoning about morals.
- Jane Loevinger, Stages of ego development.
- Margaret Mahler's psychoanalytic developmental theory contained three phases regarding the child's object relations.
- James Marcia's theory of identity achievement and four identity statuses .
- Maria Montessori's sensitive periods of development.
- Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development to describe how children reason and interact with their surroundings.
- Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
- Clare W. Graves' Emergent Cyclic Levels of Existence Theory.
While some of these theories focus primarily on the healthy development of children, others propose stages that are characterized by a maturity rarely reached before old age.
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