Descent of Elizabeth II from William I
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This list shows the most senior line of direct royal lineal descent of the United Kingdom to the current monarch from William the Conqueror. Each person on the list is the son or daughter of the person above him or her on the list. There are many other more junior lines of descent of the family, but the crown in theory at least only descends through the most senior line. Due to extinct lines, large parts of entire royal houses (Lancaster, Tudor, Stuart) are bypassed in the current most senior line. The numbers can be used to calculate the number of generations between two individuals on this list.
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[edit] The direct royal line
- William I
- Henry I
- Empress Matilda (Maud)
- Henry II
- John
- Henry III
- Edward I
- Edward II
- Edward III
- Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
- Philippa of Ulster
- Roger Mortimer, Earl of March
- Anne Mortimer
- Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York
- Edward IV
- Elizabeth of York (wife of Henry VII)
- Margaret Tudor
- James V of Scotland
- Mary, Queen of Scots
- James I
- Elizabeth Stuart, Electress Palatine
- Sophia, Electress of Hanover
- George I
- George II
- Frederick, Prince of Wales
- George III
- Prince Edward Augustus
- Victoria
- Edward VII
- George V
- George VI
- Elizabeth II
[edit] Monarchs not in the direct royal line, and why
The number after each monarch is their generation number (it corresponds to the number on the list above and the list below).
- William II (2), died without issue. The line passes through his younger brother, Henry I
- Stephen (3), he was from a more junior branch of the family, the line passes through his uncle of the senior line, Henry I
- Richard I (5), died without issue. The line passes through his younger brother, John
- Richard II (11), died without issue. The line passes through his grandfather's younger son, Lionel, Duke of Clarence
- Henry IV (11), the House of Lancaster was from a more junior branch of the family, the line passes through his uncle of the senior branch, Lionel, Duke of Clarence
- Henry V (12), the House of Lancaster was from a more junior branch of the family, the line passes through his great uncle of the senior branch, Lionel, Duke of Clarence
- Henry VI (13), the House of Lancaster was from a more junior branch of the family, the line passes through his great great uncle of the senior branch, Lionel, Duke of Clarence
- Edward V (16), the line passes through his sister, Elizabeth of York
- Richard III (15), the line passes through his elder brother's daughter, Elizabeth of York
- Henry VII (14), he is from a junior branch of the family. His wife, Elizabeth of York, is from the senior branch, and the line passes through her and then through their daughter, Margaret Tudor
- Henry VIII (17), all heirs died without issue. The line passes through his sister, Margaret Tudor
- Edward VI (18), died without issue. The line passes through his aunt, Margaret Tudor
- Mary I (18), died without issue. The line passes through her aunt, Margaret Tudor
- Elizabeth I (18), died without issue. The line passes through her aunt, Margaret Tudor
- Charles I (21), the line passes through his sister, Elizabeth, Electress Palatine
- Charles II (22), the line passes through his aunt, Elizabeth, Electress Palatine
- James II (22), the line passes through his aunt, Elizabeth, Electress Palatine
- Mary II (23), the line passes through her great aunt, Elizabeth, Electress Palatine
- William III (23), he was from a junior branch of the family and a cousin of his wife Mary II, the line passes through his great aunt, Elizabeth, Electress Palatine
- Anne (23), the line passes through her great aunt, Elizabeth, Electress Palatine
- George IV (27), the line passes through his younger brother, Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
- William IV (27), the line passes through his younger brother, Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
- Edward VIII (31), the line passes through his younger brother, George VI
[edit] Monarchs of each generation
This table shows the generation of each monarch based on their descent from William I via the royal line.
The generational jump between Henry VII and Henry VIII is an interesting case shown on this list. Henry VIII is the son of Henry VII (generation 14 through an illegitimate junior line of John of Gaunt) as well as the son of Elizabeth of York (generation 16 through the senior Lionel, Duke of Clarence line). Henry VIII is counted as generation 17 because the royal line passes through his mother, who is of the senior line.
This process will continue in the future. Prince William of Wales, if he becomes king, will add lines to Charles II and James II, from whose illegitimate children he is descended through his mother Diana, Princess of Wales.
- William I
- William II, Henry I
- Stephen, Empress Matilda
- Henry II
- Richard I, John
- Henry III
- Edward I
- Edward II
- Edward III
- none
- Richard II, Henry IV
- Henry V
- Henry VI
- Henry VII
- Edward IV, Richard III
- Edward V
- Henry VIII
- Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I
- Lady Jane Grey
- James I
- Charles I
- Charles II, James II
- Mary II, William III, Anne, George I
- George II
- none
- George III
- George IV, William IV
- Victoria
- Edward VII
- George V
- Edward VIII, George VI
- Elizabeth II
[edit] Genealogical Relationships to Elizabeth II
The closest relationships between Elizabeth and each king or queen of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom are given below.
| Monarch | Relation to Elizabeth II |
|---|---|
| William I of England | 22nd Great-Grandfather |
| William II of England | 21st Great-Granduncle |
| Henry I of England | 21st Great-Grandfather |
| Stephen of England | 20th Great-Grandfather |
| Henry II of England | 19th Great-Grandfather |
| Richard I of England | 18th Great-Granduncle |
| John of England | 18th Great-Grandfather |
| Henry III of England | 19th Great-Grandfather |
| Edward I of England | 18th Great-Grandfather |
| Edward II of England | 18th Great-Grandfather |
| Edward III of England | 17th Great-Grandfather |
| Richard II of England | 16th Great-Granduncle |
| Henry IV of England | 17th Great-Grandfather |
| Henry V of England | 16th Great-Granduncle |
| Henry VI of England | ½-14th Great-Granduncle |
| Edward IV of England | 15th Great-Grandfather |
| Edward V of England | 13th Great-Granduncle |
| Richard III of England | 14th Great-Granduncle |
| Henry VII of England | 13th Great-Grandfather |
| Henry VIII of England | 12th Great-Granduncle |
| Edward VI of England | 1st Cousin, 12 times Removed |
| Lady Jane Grey | 10th Great-Grandaunt |
| Mary I of England | 1st Cousin 13 times Removed |
| Elizabeth I of England | 1st Cousin 13 times Removed |
| James I of England | 9th Great-Grandfather |
| Charles I of England | 8th Great-Granduncle |
| Charles II of England | 1st Cousin 9 times Removed |
| James II of England | 1st Cousin 9 times Removed |
| William III of England | 1st Cousin 8 times Removed |
| Mary II of England | 2nd Cousin 8 times Removed |
| Anne of Great Britain | 2nd Cousin 8 times Removed |
| George I of Great Britain | 6th Great-Grandfather |
| George II of Great Britain | 5th Great-Grandfather |
| George III of the United Kingdom | 3rd Great-Grandfather |
| George IV of the United Kingdom | 2nd Great-Granduncle |
| William IV of the United Kingdom | 2nd Great-Granduncle |
| Victoria of the United Kingdom | 2nd Great-Grandmother |
| Edward VII of the United Kingdom | Great-Grandfather |
| George V of the United Kingdom | Grandfather |
| Edward VIII of the United Kingdom | Uncle |
| George VI of the United Kingdom | Father |
| Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom |
[edit] Family tree
This tree shows the descent of all British monarchs from William I, and their relationships with each other. Only branches that led to a monarch are shown. The direct royal line can be followed as the leftmost line.
[edit] Descent of Elizabeth II from other British royal lines
The generation numbering of the primary list above is maintained in the lines below for comparison purposes. The last person listed on each of the lines belows is an English monarch listed on the primary list above, and the line continues from that point down to Elizabeth II following the primary list above.
[edit] The descent from the Saxon kings
[edit] The descent through the West Saxon royal line
This list shows the joining of the royal families of England, the West Saxon kings descended from Alfred the Great and the Norman kings. Empress Matilda (Maud), grand daughter of William I (Norman), great great grand daughter of Edmund II (Saxon), is the first person to unite the families in this line. Her son, Henry II, is the first monarch descended from both these families.
- -6. Alfred the Great
- -5. Edward the Elder
- -4. Edmund I
- -3. Edgar
- -2. Ethelred II (Ethelred the Unready)
- -1. Edmund II (Edmund Ironside)
- 0. Edward the Exile
- 1. Saint Margaret of Scotland
- 2. Edith of Scotland
- 3. Empress Matilda (Maud)
- 4. Henry II
[edit] The descent through Alfred the Great's daughter Aelfthryth
This is not a royal line, but is a closer relationship of the earliest Norman kings to the previous dominant line of kings in England. William I married Matilda of Flanders, who was descended from Alfred the Great's daughter Aelfthryth. This means that Henry I is a descendant of Alfred the Great through this line.
- -6. Alfred the Great
- -5. Ælfthryth
- -4. Arnulf I, Count of Flanders
- -3. Baldwin III of Flanders
- -2. Arnulf II, Count of Flanders
- -1. Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
- 0. Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
- 1. Matilda of Flanders
- 2. Henry I
[edit] The descent through Harold Godwinson (Harold II of England)
The British royal house traces itself back to William, who took the throne by conquest, but Elizabeth is also descended from Harold Godwinson, the last crowned Saxon king who died fighting William at the Battle of Hastings. Harold's daughter Gytha escaped after the conquest and married Vladimir II Monomakh of Kievan Rus', thus preserving the Godwin bloodline. This line rejoins William the Conqueror's bloodline with King Edward III.
- -1. Harold Godwinson
- 0. Gytha of Wessex
- 1. Mstislav I of Kiev
- 2. Euphrosyne of Kiev
- 3. Béla III of Hungary
- 4. Andrew II of Hungary
- 5. Violant of Hungary
- 6. Isabella of Aragon
- 7. Philip IV of France
- 8. Isabella, Queen of England
- 9. Edward III
[edit] The descent from the Kings of Scotland
Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII, married into the Scottish royal family by marrying James IV of Scotland. Elizabeth II thus also descends from Kenneth MacAlpin, the semi-legendary first King of Scotland.
- -5. Kenneth MacAlpin (Kenneth I)
- -4. Constantine I
- -3. Donald II
- -2. Malcolm I
- -1. Kenneth II
- 0. Malcolm II
- 1. Bethoc
- 2. Duncan I
- 3. Malcolm III
- 4. David I (the Saint)
- 5. Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon
- 6. David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon
- 7. Isobel of Huntingdon
- 8. Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale
- 9. Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale
- 10. Robert I (the Bruce)
- 11. Marjorie Bruce
- 12. Robert II
- 13. Robert III
- 14. James I
- 15. James II
- 16. James III
- 17. James IV
- 18. James V
- 19. Mary, Queen of Scots
- 20. James VI (James I of England)
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