Demetrio Stratos

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Demetrio Stratos
Birth name	Efstratios Demetriou
Also known as	Demetrio Stratos
Born	April 22, 1945(1945-04-22) Alexandria, Egypt
Died	June 13, 1979 (aged 34) New York, USA
Genre(s)	Progressive rock Art rock Experimental music World music Various genres
Occupation(s)	Singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, music researcher
Instrument(s)	Vocals Piano Organ Keyboards Accordion Steel drums
Years active	1963 – 1979
Label(s)	Ricordi (1969–1970) Numero Uno (1971) Cramps (1972–1979) Ascolto (1978)
Associated acts	I Ribelli Area
Website	http://www.demetriostratos.it/

Efstratios Demetriou (Alexandria, April 22, 1945 – New York, June 13, 1979) better known as Demetrio Stratos was an Italian lyricist, multi-instrumentalist, music researcher, and co-founder, frontman and lead singer of the Italian progressive rock, jazz fusion band AreA – International POPular Group.^[1][2]

Contents 1 Biography 1.1 The early years 1945–1971 1.2 Area 1972–1978 1.3 Death and legacy 1979–present 2 Phonetics research studies 3 Discography 3.1 Albums 3.2 Compilations and lives 3.3 Singles 3.4 Videos 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links

[edit] Biography

[edit] The early years 1945–1971

Demetrio Stratos was born as Efstratios Demetriou in Alexandria, Egypt on April 22, 1945, of Greek parents (Janis Demetriou and Athanassia Archondoyorghi). He spent his first 13 years in Alexandria where he studied piano and accordion at the prestigious Conservatoire National d'Athènes ("National Conservatoire of Athens"),^[1] and studied English at the British Boys School. As he later said, the fact that he was born in Alexandria made him feel like a special and privileged "porter" in an international hotel, destined to live the experience of peoples' passages and to assist in the true "traffic" of culture in the Mediterranean area, so full of various ethnic groups and intense musical practices. His family was of Greek Orthodox religion, so during his infancy he listened to religious Byzantine songs, traditional Arabic music and then the early beginnings of rock and roll. All of those sounds strongly influenced him for the rest of his life. In 1957, because of the political events that upset Egypt, he was sent to the Catholic College of the Holy Land in Nicosia, Cyprus where, two years later, his family joined him.^[2]

In 1962, he and his family moved to Milan, Italy where he attended the Politecnico di Milano University at the Architecture Faculty. In 1963 he formed his first musical group and performed live at the “Casa dello studente” ("Student's House") Festival in Milan, then in some of the local pubs such as the Santa Tecla and the Intra’s al Corso. Fortuitously, the original singer of the group was unable to sing one night due to a minor car accident, so Stratos stepped in to replace him, which began his venture into singing. His repertoire at that time was a mixture of soul, blues and rhythm and blues. In this period, Stratos also worked in many recording studios in Milan, playing keyboards.^[1][2]

In 1967, he joined the Italian beat band I Ribelli ("The Rebels") as the keyboard player. With I Ribelli, he recorded many hit singles like "Chi mi aiuterà", "Oh Darling!" and "Pugni chiusi", a song that became a symbol of the Italian '60s years, and Stratos' fame rapidly grew in Italy. In 1969, the band released their self-titled studio album, I Ribelli.^[1][2]

In 1970, he left I Ribelli and formed a musical group with some English musicians including the drummer Jan Broad, and started to dedicate himself to his work on music and voice research, experimenting with vocal phenomena. His interest in this research started when he observed his daughter, Anastassia (who was born in 1970), during her phase of “lallation”, when a child is not yet able to speak correctly. Stratos noticed by watching his daughter that a child initially “plays” and “experiments” with her or his own voice, but then the richness of the vocal sound gets lost in the acquisition of verbal language. “The child loses the sound in order to organize the words”. This observation by Stratos was fundamental for his poetry. This language-voice connection and his experimentation with it was the hallmark of his entire artistic career.^[2]

In 1971, he recorded the solo single "Daddy's dream" which was published by Numero Uno, a record company owned by Mogol and Lucio Battisti. His involvement with commercial music definitively ended after this one commercial recording.^[1][2]

[edit] Area 1972–1978

For more information about the Italian progressive rock band, please, see Area (band).

In 1972, Demetrio Stratos and drummer Giulio Capiozzo founded Area, a well-known Italian progressive rock, jazz fusion band.^[1][3] The original line-up included Eddie Busnello (saxophone), Patrick Djivas (bass), Leandro Gaetano (piano) and Johnny Lambizzi (lead guitar).^[2] Soon after, Busnello and Djivas left the group, and Patrizio Fariselli and Paolo Tofani joined the group. Djivas joined Premiata Forneria Marconi (PFM), and he was replaced by Ares Tavolazzi. Stratos recorded many records with Area, as well as in collaboration with Gianni Sassi, the owner of Cramps Records, on solo artist albums.^[4][5][6]

In 1973, Stratos took part in the eighth Biennale de Paris, and Area released their first studio album, Arbeit Macht Frei ("Work Brings Freedom"), taken from the inscription that was on the gate at the entrance of Auschwitz Nazi concentration camp.^[1][2]

In 1974, Area toured festivals in France, Portugal, and Switzerland. Stratos gradually became more and more deeply involved in the mysterious world of vocal sounds, resuming and widening his immense work on the importance of the voice in the Asian and Middle Eastern civilizations. In Milan, he worked together with Gianni Emilio Simonetti, Juan Hidalgo, and Walter Marchetti, founders of the group Zaj (an experimental music and performance art group formed in 1959), in the context of the Fluxus experience (an international network of artists, composers and designers noted for blending different artistic media and disciplines), and he then became involved with John Cage's music when he recorded Cage's "Sixty-Two Mesostics Re Merce Cunningham" in a version for a solo voice and microphone, subsequently performed at numerous festivals in front of large audiences mainly consisting of young people. At the festival of the proletarian youth in Lambro Park, Milan, Stratos introduced the Mesostics in front of 15,000 people. Later, this piece was partially included in the recordings dedicated to the music of Cage, Nova Musicha N. 1: John Cage (CRSLP 6101), which were published by Cramps Records and inaugurated the "Nova Musicha" series. In the meantime, AreA recorded and released their second studio album, Caution Radiation Area.^[1][2][4][5]

In 1975, Stratos was involved with compared musicology and studied the problems of ethnic vocality, the vocal methods in East Asian music, and—in particular—the overtone singing techniques. He gradually became more and more deeply involved in the mysterious world of vocal sounds, widening his immense work on the importance of the voice in the Asian and Middle Eastern civilizations.^[1] Also in 1975, Area released their third studio album, Crac!.^[2]

In 1976, Stratos released his first studio album as a solo artist, Metrodora, which was the result of his vocal studies and research. Its title and the single lyric that was included were inspired by Metrodora, a Byzantine woman physician of the 6th century. In Paris, Stratos contacted Emile Leipp, the director of the Laboratory of Acoustics at the Paris VI University (Faculty of Sciences). With AreA, Stratos went on tour, giving exhibitions at some festivals in France and Portugal. Together with Patrizio Fariselli (prepared piano), Paolo Tofani (guitar and synthesizer), Paul Lytton (percussion), and Steve Lacy (sax soprano), he performed a concert in the "Aula Magna" at the University of Milan. The live recording of that performance, Event '76, was published by Cramps Records in 1979.^[2]

In this period, Stratos was involved in the study of psychoanalysis and was researching the relationship between spoken language and the psyche. Stratos spoke at several seminaries at the Istituto di Glottologia e Fonetica^[7] ("Institute of Glottology and Phonetics") at the University of Padua, in Italy, formulating his own and true "pedagogy of the voice". In Padua, worked together with the Centro Medico di Foniatria^[8] ("Medical Centre of Phoniatrics"), on research related to the limits of the language. Stratos underlined the link between language and the psyche, and he highlighted the connection between them with the sounds made by his own vocal cords, which he considered to be a musical instrument.^[4][5]

In 1977, his vocal abilities were explored and documented by Professor Franco Ferrero at the University of Padua,^[4][5][9] a study that produced two scientific publications. He also found the time to do some live performances at the "Arsenale" Theater and at the Marconi's Gallery in Milan.^[2]

Albert Hera asked Tran Quang Hai in an interview, “What do you think about Demetrio Stratos?” Tran Quang Hai answered:

“	He learned from me in 1977, in France. He came to me with a manager who told me that the Master Demetrio Stratos wanted to learn my singer's techniques. He stayed with me for two hours and he learned everything. Then, he returned to Italy and used the exercises learned for its personal searches.	”
— Tran Quang Hai to Albert Hera (in Italian), [10]

In 1978, AreA left the Cramps Records and moved to Ascolto, a record label owned by CGD. For Ascolto, they released their fifth studio album, Gli Dei Se Ne Vanno, Gli Arrabbiati Restano!, the last one that included Demetrio Stratos. In the meantime, Stratos continued with Cramps and Gianni Sassi as a solo artist, releasing Cantare la Voce. In February, representing Greece, he did a concert at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, organized by the Atelier de Création Radiophonique for the X Internationals Biennale of Young Artists, entitled "Musics at an Exhibition" created by Daniel Caux. Then, he performed live as a solo artist at the Pre-Art Gallery of Milan and went on tour in Portugal with Area. His international fame grew when, at the invitation of John Cage, he took part in concerts given at the Roundabout Theatre in New York on 18 and 19 of March. This was the time of "Event" a show by Merce Cunningham, and the Dance Company, under the artistic direction of Jasper Johns, with Cage's musical direction and contribution, and with Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Mark Lancaster, and Andy Warhol for scenography and costume designs.^[1][2] In this, Stratos produced an astonishing array of sounds and sound effects using only his voice.^[11]

On June 2, Stratos was in Bologna for the second International Week of the Performance. In Amsterdam, on June 15, Stratos participated in "Sounday" by John Cage, a show performance of around ten hours, without interruption from 7:00 am to 5:00 pm, which was organized at the Centrum Bellevue by Dutch Radio KRO Radio Hilversum IV. Always in Amsterdam, Stratos holds a seminar with a live performance at the Stedelijk Museum. On the 26, 27, and 28 of June, Stratos participated in Bologna at Cage's show "Il Treno di John Cage – Alla ricerca del silenzio perduto" ("The Train – In search for (or Raiders of) the lost silence")", three excursions in prepared train, with the attendance of Walter Marchetti and Juan Hidalgo. On July 4, he was on stage with Grete Sultan and Paul Zukofsky for a John Cage concert at the Margherita theatre in Genoa.^[2]

From July 28 to August 5, Area participated at the World Festival of Youth and Students (for Anti-Imperialist Solidarity, Peace and Friendship) in Havana, Cuba.^[6] Stratos was invited by the local Ministry of Culture to meet the delegation of Mongolian musicians and to participate in discussion on vocal methods in the East Asian music.^[1] Returned from Cuba, Stratos recorded a sound poems, O Tzitziras o Mitziras, for the historical-critic anthology Futura, released by Cramps Records, in which he explored the onomatopoeic force of the song of the cicadas suggested by a Greek tongue-twister. In September, he did a live performance at the "Teatro dell’Elfo" theatre in Milan, which was featured in the “Settimana John Cage” ("John Cage Week") at the Opéra Louis Jouvet in Paris. He was invited by John Cage to teach a course related to the possibilities of the human voice for the Center for Experimental Music at University of San Diego in California: dates and programs come fixed for the next year.^[2]

[edit] Death and legacy 1979–present

In January 1979, Stratos recorded Le Milleuna, a one hour interpretation with lyrics written by Nanni Balestrini, with the mimic interpretation and action performed by Valeria Mallets. In February, he was in Paris to perform the Antonin Artaud character in a theatrical review organized by France Culture. In the same month, from the 8th to the 11th, he was at the Alberico theatre in Rome for a series of recitals. Stratos planned the show "Rock' n' roll Exhibition" with Paolo Tofani and Mauro Pagani in order to bring back to the light the great musicians of the `50s rock and roll years. A live test session with audience at the "Porta Romana" theatre in Milan has been recorded, and it was later released on LP in the following June. Also with France Culture, in the series “Poésie Ininterrompue” ("Uninterrupted Poetry") directed by Claude Royet-Journoud, Stratos had a long interview with Daniel Charles, where he performed many vocal sequences and provided explanations. Stratos left Area in order to dedicate himself exclusively to vocal research, experimentation, and the pursuit of his solo career.^[1] At the Music Conservatory "G. Verdi" of Milan, he held a course of Semiotics of Contemporary Music on the voice. The series of lessons continued until March. On Friday 30 March, Stratos held his last concert, performing solo, at the "Teatrino di Villa Reale" ("little" Theater of the Royal Villa) in Monza.^[2]

In April, Demetrio Stratos was diagnosed with a severe case of aplastic anemia. On April 2, he was recovered at the Milan Polyclinic, but his condition deteriorated rapidly and he was transferred to New York City Memorial Hospital for treatment. Meanwhile, in Italy, his friends organized a concert to pay for his medical expenses. Many musicians accepted the invitation to perform, and the concert was planned for June 14, 1979. It was to become Demetrio Stratos’ memorial concert, where over hundred musicians played in front of an audience of 100,000 at the Arena of Milan, the first great and spontaneous reunion of youth in Italy. He died in New York City Memorial Hospital on June 13, 1979 at the age of thirty–four, while waiting for a bone marrow transplant (the official cause of death was a myocardial infarction, more commonly known as heart attack).^[1][2][3][9]

His death cut short a collaboration with poet Antonio Porta, another Novissimo, on a project set to the music of Stratos' voice^[3] upsetting not only the avant-garde and experimental musicians who saw Stratos as one of their most important and representative members, but the entire show business community. The news spread in all directions, including media that was not so aware of alternative music.^[1] At the time of his death, rumors circulated that his illness was caused by his secret and dangerous vocal practices. People wanted to believe that Demetrio Stratos had died due to daring too much and wandering outside the limits of human possibilities, as if he was a modern Icarus, punished for flying too close to the Sun.^[9]

Stratos' memorial, inscribed with the beginning of the Odyssey “Musa, parlami di quell’uomo di multiforme ingegno” ("Tell me, Muse, of the man of many devices"),^[12] is at the Cemetery of Scipione Castello, a little village that is a fraction of Salsomaggiore Terme, a town in northern Italy, that is located in the province of Parma, in the Emilia-Romagna region. Every year since 2000, Scipione Castello organizes a musical festival in memory of Demetrio Stratos.^[1]

The auditorium of Radio Popolare, a Milan based radio network, was entitled to Demetrio Stratos.^[1]

The Rassegna di Musica Diversa "Omaggio a Demetrio Stratos" ("Review of Different Music “Homage to Demetrio Stratos”") is a review that was born in 1996 and every year promotes many Italian emerging musical groups and ideas, especially those who are more innovative. This homage review takes place in Alberone di Cento, a city in northern Italy, that is located in the province of Ferrara, in the Emilia-Romagna region.^[1][13]

Demetrio Stratos’ life perfectly incarnates the spirit of the ’70s.^[3] Recently, the Italian director Gabriele Salvatores announced his intention to produce a movie exploring music and politics in Italy during those years through the life of the charismatic singer.^[9]

[edit] Phonetics research studies

Vocal gimmicks aside, Stratos’ mission was to free vocal expression from the slavery of language and pretty melodies. From the observation of his daughter Anastassia, he concluded that humans have enormous expressive potential that is progressively reduced to just a few socially appropriate functions during verbal development, such as language and harmonic singing. He considered the exploration of vocal potential as a tool of psychological and political liberation.^[14] He, literally, wanted individuals and social groups to find their own voice.^[9]

“	If a new vocality can exist, it must be lived by all, and not singularly: an attempt to get freed by the condition of listener and spectator to which the culture and politics have accustomed us. This work does not be assumed as a passively listening, but as “a game in which life is at risk”.	”
— Demetrio Stratos from Metrodora (in Italian) , [15]

Besides the official Area discography, for which Stratos is remembered, it is important to remember his solo works, a massive set of productions full of experimentation and vocal research. His study of the voice used as a musical instrument carried him to reach for the limits of human capabilities. Stratos was able to reach 7,000 Hz, when a tenor normally reaches 523 Hz and a woman soprano 1,046 Hz (C6). Using various overtone singing and other extended techniques, he was able to perform diplophony, triplophony, and also quadrophony, the ability to produce two, three, and even four sounds simultaneously (multiphonic) using only the human voice as the musical instrument. In collaboration with the CNR of Padua, he has released many studies in ethnomusicology, vocal extensions and Asian music chant.^[1]

“	Looking at what I have found during the emission, the vocal folds did not vibrate. The frequency (for a human voice) was very high (vocal folds do not succeed to exceed the frequencies of 1,000–1,200 Hz). In spite of that Demetrio obtained not one, but two not harmonic hisses, one that descended from 6,000 Hz, and the other that climbed from 3,000 Hz. Therefore, it could not be supposed that one hiss was the next harmonic of the other. I observed also the emission of three hisses simultaneously	”
— Professor Franco Ferrero (in Italian) , [12]

The amazing research of Stratos brings many suggestions of unexplored fields of research that are still to be studied such as the particularly stimulating and innovative pre-eminence of the meaning over the meant, and the ritual value of the voice.^[12] His research into the field of phonetics (Articulatory phonetics, Acoustic phonetics, and Auditory phonetics), and experimental poetry^[3] led to him freeing his voice of every naturalistic restraint, restoring its depth and dimension. The result of this can be heard in the two recordings of his compositions Metrodora and Cantare la Voce where what sounds like an instrument is in fact his voice.^[4][5]

“	(human) Voice in today's music is a transmission channel that does not transmit anything. The western vocal hypertrophy has rendered almost insensitive the modern singer to the various aspects of the vocality, isolating him in the fencing of determined linguistic's structures	”
— Demetrio Stratos from Metrodora (in Italian) , [12]

Because of his great ability, his acquired techniques and his studies with the CNR, he was able to produce results that are still unattainable by others. Daniel Charles has described him as the person who decimated monody by the demultiplication of the acoustic spectrum. He achieved a diplophony which is triplophonic, even quadraphonic. His vocalization became micro orchestrations (voice instrument) without any technological amplification or manipulation.^[4][5]

[edit] Discography

For recordings made with Area, please, see Area Discography.

Demetrio Stratos has released several studio albums and singles as a solo artist, and is featured on several other artists albums.^[16]

[edit] Albums

[edit] Compilations and lives

[edit] Singles

[edit] Videos

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

• El Haouli, Janete (2006). Demetrio Stratos: En busca de la voz-música (in Spanish). México, D.F.: Radio Educación. OCLC 83779306. 
• Stratos, Demetrio. (2007). Le Milleuna Piece Per Danza Di Valeria [LP vinyl]. Japan: Msi Music. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. OCLC 156858601.

[edit] External links

Persondata
NAME	Stratos, Demetrio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Efstratios Demetriou (real name)
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Musician (Singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, music researcher)
DATE OF BIRTH	April 22, 1945
PLACE OF BIRTH	Alexandria, Egypt
DATE OF DEATH	June 13, 1979
PLACE OF DEATH	New York, USA]]