Delayed fluorescence

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1. The life time of commonly said fluorescence is very short, usually pico- or nano- second. In order to differentiate this type of fluorescence from delayed fluorescence, we just name it as fast fluorescence as some literatures.

2. To the generation of fast fluorescence, energy absorption and energy remission will be enough. Therefore, single molecular is enough for the generation of fast fluorescence. However, to the generation of delayed fluorescence, energy absorption and energy emission are far from enough, energy transfer and energy storage should be involved. In my personal opinion, life time is not the critical standard to differentiate delayed fluorescence and other types of fluorescence. We should consider energy transfer process. Obviously delayed fluorescence generation depends on the system interactions, which make delayed fluorescence be a potential tool to probe the system.

3. A good example of delayed fluorescence is that emitted from Photosystem II (PSII).