Delano, California
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| Delano, California | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country | United States | ||
| State | California | ||
| County | Kern | ||
| Founded | 1873 | ||
| Incorporated | 13 April 1913 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Pedro Rios | ||
| - Mayor Pro Tem | Grace Vallejo | ||
| - Councilmembers | Ruben Hill, Sam Ramirez | ||
| - State Leg. | Sen. Dean Florez (D) Asm. Nicole Parra (D) |
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| - U. S. Congress | Jim Costa (D) | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 10.2 sq mi (26.3 km²) | ||
| - Land | 10.1 sq mi (26.2 km²) | ||
| - Water | 0.1 sq mi (0.1 km²) 0.49% | ||
| Elevation | 315 ft (96 m) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - Total | 49,359 | ||
| - Density | 3,842.1/sq mi (1,484.2/km²) | ||
| Time zone | PST (UTC-8) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC-7) | ||
| ZIP codes | 93215 | ||
| Area code(s) | 661 | ||
| FIPS code | 06-18394 | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 1652697 | ||
| Website: City Of Delano | |||
Delano is a city in Kern County, California, United States. The population was 38,824 at the 2000 census. Delano is well known as a center for the growing of table grapes. The population was at 49,359 as of the 2006 census and is Kern County's second largest and second fastest growing city after Bakersfield. The city is best known as one of two U.S. sites for the Voice of America's shortwave transmitters and numerous broadcasting antennas. Delano is also home to two California state prisons, North Kern State Prison and Kern Valley State Prison, the state's newest as of 2005. The estimated population in July 2006 was 50,310. The name of the town is not pronounced "DEH la noh" as in Franklin D. Roosevelt's middle name but instead is "deh LAY noh".
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[edit] History
Delano was founded on July 14, 1873 as a railroad town. The name was officially given by the Southern Pacific Railroad in honor of Columbus Delano, at the time the Secretary of the Interior for the United States.
On September 8, 1965, Larry Itliong led the (predominantly Filipino) Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) in walking off table grape farms in order to achieve better wages and working conditions for farm workers, beginning the Delano grape strike. A week after the strike began the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), led by Cesar Chavez and represented by Hispanic (mostly Mexican workers), joined the strike. Later the two groups joined forces and formed the labor union called the United Farm Workers of America (UFW). By 1970, the UFW won a contract with major grape growers across California. Delano set the stage in national politics and the town was a major hub of Chicano movement politics in a largely Hispanic/Mexican community.
[edit] Geography
Delano is located at (35.769649, -119.246320)[1].
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.2 square miles (26.3 km²); 10.1 square miles (26.2 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.49%) is water.
[edit] Demographics
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 38,824 people, 8,409 households, and 7,248 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,484.2/km² (3,842.1/mi²). There were 8,830 housing units at an average density of 337.6/km² (873.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 26.16% White, 5.45% Black or African American, 0.91% Native American, 15.88% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 47.07% from other races, and 4.47% from two or more races. 68.47% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 8,409 households out of which 56.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 18.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.8% were non-families. 10.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.02 and the average family size was 4.27.
In the city the population was spread out with 32.5% under the age of 18, 12.4% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 14.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 129.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 143.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $28,143, and the median income for a family was $29,026. Males had a median income of $38,511 versus $21,509 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,068. About 25.7% of families and 28.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.3% of those under age 18 and 20.7% of those age 65 or over. The median income for a household in the city was $28,143, and the median income for a family was $29,026. Males had a median income of $38,511 versus $21,509 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,068. About 25.7% of families and 28.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.3% of those under age 18 and 20.7% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Radio Transmissions
[edit] IBB (Voice of America) SW Relay Station
The International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) runs a shortwave relay station in the outskirts of Delano, located at . This relay station is famous for having a rare installation of a TCI HRS 12/6/1 directional curtain array transmission system.
Constructed from 1942-1944 originally as commercial station KCBR, by Columbia Broadcasting System, this relay station has been added to over time. The IBB transmission network itself has been through many changes since 1942, and not all antennas are in use at any given time. The only known shortwave relay station known to have similar transmission capacity (and output power) is the Novosibirsk Relay Station in Russian Siberia.
The VOA continues to use Delano as a transmission site for broadcasts outside the country, along with other countries such as Thailand who use Delano as a relay for shortwave transmissions to audiences in North America. Delano's most modern transmission system is its HRS 12/6/1 transmission system.
The Delano Relay Station is clearly viewable from space via Spot Image and other commercial surveillance satellites.[3]
[edit] VOA Relay Station Delano technical notes
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This article or section is missing citations or needs footnotes. Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (July 2007) |
The 2 x HRS 12/6/1 (one high-band, one low-band) curtain array antennas are some of the most directive HF antennas in use today. During peak operation hours Delano Relay Station is off limits to the public because of radio frequency energy issues.
- The Delano HRS 12/6/1 transmission system has been used in high power ionospheric heating experiments funded by the U.S. Department of Defense. These experiments were to see how RF saturation of the ionosphere affects HF propagation over a region.
- HRS 12/6/1 antennas are capable of 23 decibels (isotropic) (dBi) to 32 dBi (directive isotropic gain), but can in theory achieve 36 dBi under ideal design conditions. These gain numbers are derived from Ioncap program used to compute directional antennas.
- Assuming 23 dBi gain and 250 kW transmitter power, Delano's antennas have an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 49.9 megawatts and an effective radiated power (ERP) of 30.4 megawatts.
There is some residual controversy about Delano's antennas being the most directive shortwave antennas in service. It has been postulated by strategic analysts (but not proven) that the former USSR (now Russia) possesses more directive HF antennas.
- The Japanese wanted to bomb this rural town during WWII as it was used by VOA to relay its programming to the Asia-Pacific region, but existent (pre-war) military intelligence indicated that they couldn't get through air-traffic control in San Diego.
Late breaking changes that need to be incorporated
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- The International Broadcasting Bureau will stop broadcasting from Delano, Calif., at the end of October, Radio World has learned.
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- The decision was announced in an internal e-mail to IBB employees on July 24. The move will result in job losses at Delano; the number was not immediately available.
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- The announcement stated that the move is being made "as a result of the Broadcasting Board of Governors' changing global mission to meet current U.S. government broadcast requirements, along with reduced budgets and changes in technology ... As operating budgets decrease, we have had little choice but to downsize and realign the IBB transmission network."
[edit] References
- ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ Google Maps (2007). Delano Relay Station. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2 April 2007.
[edit] External links
- Delano, California is at coordinates Coordinates:
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