DeCavalcante crime family
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DeCavalcante crime family | |
In | Newark, New Jersey & Elizabeth, New Jersey |
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Founded by | Gaspare D'Amico |
Years active | 1910s-present |
Territory | Elizabeth, New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, Hudson River |
Ethnicity | Italian, Italian-American |
Membership | 40 - 60 made members, 300 associates approx |
Criminal activities | Racketeering, conspiracy, loansharking, money laundering, murder,narcotics,gambling,waste management and extortion. |
Allies | Five Families of New York, including Philadelphia and Patriarca crime families |
Rivals | Various gangs over NJ, including their allies |
The DeCavalcante Crime Family is an organized crime family that controls organized crime activities in Elizabeth, New Jersey and Newark, New Jersey, despite operating on the other side of the Hudson River in New York, within the nationwide criminal phenomenon known as the Mafia (or Cosa Nostra). It maintains strong relations with much of Five Families of New York, plus the Philadelphia crime family and the Patriarca crime family of Boston and much of New England. Its illicit activities includes labor racketeering, money laundering, drug trafficking, illegal gambling, loansharking, extortion, murder for hire, construction, building and cement violations, fraud and wire fraud, hijacking, pier thefts and fencing. It is thought that the fictional DiMeo Crime Family on the HBO original series The Sopranos, is loosely based on the real-life DeCavalcante family.
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[edit] History of the DeCavalcante crime family
[edit] The Beginnings
Although not recognized as an autonomous crime family until the regime of Simone DeCavalcante, the first major head of the New Jersey rackets was Gaspare D'Amico. Not much is known of D'Amico's reign despite his control of large illegal gambling and bootlegging operations in Newark, New Jersey throughout the early 1920s. However, it has been proven that future head of the Lucchese crime family, Gaetano "Tom" Reina, also played a large role in transportation of alcohol and whiskey in the North Jersey area during the Prohibition. After D'Amico retired sometime in the 1930s, Stefano Badami took over the rackets. [1]
Stefano "Steve" Badami, a known racketeer during the 1930s, took over D'Amico's crime organization upon his retirement, and operated out of Newark and Trenton, New Jersey. However, his reign proved to be very disturbant, as members of the Newark and the Elizabeth factions began fighting for total control of New Jersey. As Badami kept controlling the crew up towards the 1950s, he was suddenly murdered in 1955, in what appears to have been another power struggle in between the two factions. Badami's Underboss and fellow mobster, Phil Amari stepped up to run the illegal operations. [2]
Filippo "Phil" Amari, a mobster recognized by US law enforcement to be heavily involved with labor racketeering, loansharking, extortion and narcotics activities in both Newark, New Jersey and even New York City, was now considered the new head of the New Jersey organization. Unfortunately, his reign proved to be very short, as there were multiple factions operating underneath who all conspired to take over. While still in charge, he relocated to Sicily and was replaced by Nicholas "Nick" Delmore, who with Underbosses of Elizabeth and Newark, Frank Majuri and Louis "Fat Lou" LaRasso attended the infamous 1957 Apalachin Convention to represent the small New Jersey crime family. [3]
As Delmore kept running the organization before his health turned ill in the early 1960s, the rebllious times of New Jersey had finally stopped. Nick Delmore later died in 1964, and his nephew Simone DeCavalcante was quickly installed as new boss of the newly official recognized DeCavalcante crime family of North Jersey.
[edit] Sam the Plumber
The official criminal organization began with Simone DeCavalcante, a diplomatic, 'old school', classy and calculated Don who resembled, in many ways, the character of Don Corleone in Mario Puzo's The Godfather. He was born in 1913 and was a mobster involved in illegal gambling, murder and racketeering for most of his life. He died of a heart attack at the age of 84.
Between 1964, when he rose to power, and 1969, when he was incarcerated, he doubled the number of made-men within his family. He owned Kenilworth Heating and Air Conditioning, in Kenilworth, New Jersey, as a legal front and source of taxable income and for which he gained the nickname Sam the Plumber. Sam DeCavalcante also claimed to be of Italian Royal lineage and another nickname he bore was The Count. He gained much respect because he won a coveted place on the infamous 'Commission', a governing body for the U.S. Mafia; which included the Five Families of New York and the Chicago Outfit of the Midwest. Mob represantives of Miami were also included.
Unfortunately for DeCavalcante, he and 54 associates were tried; he plead guilty to operating a gambling racket, turning over $20 million a year. At the same time a State Report indicated that he and another Mafia family controlled 90% of pornography stores in New York City. DeCavalcante was sentenced to 5 years and after he was released from prison, he retired to a high-rise condo in Florida and largely stayed out of Mafia business, although the FBI believed he was still 'advising' the family into the early 1990s. His successor was John Riggi.
[edit] John the Eagle
After Simone DeCavalcante left prison, in the mid 1970s, he appointed a well-spoken and polite man, in his late 40s, named Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi to Acting boss of the family while he stayed semi-retired in Florida. Sam DeCavalcante stepped down as Boss officially in 1980, passing leadership to Riggi, who had been a business agent of the International Association of Laborers and Hod Carriers, in New Jersey for years. He was promoted to the position of full-boss, and he reaped the enormous benefits of large labor and construction racketeering, as well as loansharking, illegal gambling and extortion activities. Riggi also had he family maintain their old traditions, which Sam DeCavalcante saw as unnecessary. Among these traditions were to resume using a gun, knife and burning holy card as props in induction ceremonies for associates to become soldiers in the family. Additionally, after Riggi used his power and influence to place subcontractors and workers other than laborers at various construction projects around the state, the DeCavalcantes were able to rip-off union welfare and pension funds. Riggi continued to run the family throughout the 1980s, with Underboss Girolamo "Jimmy" Palermo and Stefano "Steve the Truck Driver" Vitabile as Consigliere, after the death of Frank Majuri. Riggi promoted Majuri's son Charles "Big Ears" Majuri as captain and in charge of the Newark faction, as well as himself operating out of powerful Elizabeth, New Jersey. It was around the mid 1980s, that Riggi accomplished a great friendship with new reputed Gambino crime family boss, John Gotti.
According to Jerry Capeci, in the late 1980s, John Gotti reached out to Riggi for a favor: the execution of Fred Weiss, a jammed-up private sanitation magnate considered a candidate for becoming an informer. The late Gambino crime family garbage king and captain, James "Jimmy Brown" Failla, was the catalyst for Gotti’s request, according to prosecutors Miriam Rocah, Michael McGovern and John Hillebrecht. On September 5, 1989, in his home, Riggi told capo Anthony Rotondo; that the DeCavalcante family had to get the job done at any cost, according to an FBI report obtained by Gangland. After impressing the importance of the effort on Rotondo and selecting mobsters for the task, Riggi instructed Rotondo to tell DeCavalcante associate, Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo, to visit Riggi the following day. (This is according to a report by FBI Agent Nora Conley.) On September 11, one day after Rotondo spotted Gambino crime family mobsters on the prowl near Weiss’s Staten Island home, the DeCavalcante hitmen moved into high gear, climbed into his car and James "Jimmy" Gallo and Vincent Palermo shot Weiss repeatedly, killing him instantly. Longtime official Underboss, Louis "Fat Lou" LaRasso, who also played a huge role in Weiss' murder, was also reported missing in the summer of 1991.
[edit] Acting bosses
But later in 1989, Riggi was put on trial for racketeering and extortion charges, and chose the fierce DeCavalcante captain, Gaetano "Corky" Vastola, as Acting boss and to run the day-to-day activities of the family. According to US law enforcement, Gambino crime family boss John Gotti and Underboss Salvatore "Sammy the Bull" Gravano reportedly reached out to another captain named John "Johnny Boy" D'Amato, in an attempt to kill Vastola and try and take over the DeCavalcante crime family, however, Riggi was convicted and sent to Fort Dix Federal Prison later in 1990, as well as Vastola was jailed on extortion charges that same year, which made Riggi to promote D'Amato as the new Acting boss of the family in early 1991. Unfortunately, D'Amato got into an argue with his girlfriend, who told Anthony Rotondo that D'Amato was homosexual. Reportedly, Rotondo shared it with the current administration members Giacomo "Jake" Amari and Stefano "Steve the Truck Driver" Vitabile, who quickly acted on prior knowledge and decided to have D'Amato murdered in early 1992. Once again, Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo and James "Jimmy" Gallo were two of the triggermen.
Riggi continued to run the family from his jail cell, but he appointed Giacomo "Jake" Amari as new Acting boss, who ran AMI Construction from Elizabeth, New Jersey. All was seemingly settled until Amari began to die, slowly, of stomach cancer in 1997. This caused a massive power vacuum, with members such as Charles 'Big Ears' Majuri, Frank Polizzi and the alleged Consigliere, Stefano Vitabile, all attempting to ratify and re-structure the state of the family. All of the high-ranking members, such as Charles Majuri, Stefano Vitabile, Vincent 'Vinny Ocean' Palermo and Caporegime Anthony Rotondo were desperately pushing to become the next boss of the DeCavalcante crime family.
[edit] The Ruling Panel
Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi, the longtime boss of the DeCavalcante family, was in a predicament by the late 1990s, when his Acting boss, Jake Amari, died of stomach cancer. He organized a 'panel' of the most trusted mobsters, from the 50 or so active members, to make decisions and act in the same capacity as a boss would. These members of the Ruling Panel were prominent Elizabeth faction leaders Girolamo "Jimmy" Palermo and Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo (no relation) and reputed Newark faction-leader Charles "Big Ears" Majuri, with Stefano "Steve the Truck Driver" Vitabile as the reputed Consigliere and advisor to all three factions.
The Panel, however, infuriated longtime captain Charles Majuri, who had been a hardworking member of the family since his early teens, feeling he was wronged when he wasn't selected as the only Acting boss. To gain complete control of the DeCavalcante family, Majuri decided that he should murder Vincent and Jimmy Palermo, leaving him in charge of the panel, and by extension, the family. Majuri reputedly contracted soldier James "Jimmy" Gallo to murder Vincent Palermo, now a capo and his strongest rival, however, Gallo was a strong ally and friend of Vincent Palermo, and told him about Majuri's plans.
In retaliation, Vincent Palermo decided to have Majuri murdered, however, Majuri controlled large racketeering operations in Newark, as well as his influence heavy within several unions, unions Palermo wanted to control. Palermo was privy to the information that Majuri had been removing his mobsters from the union payroll and taking their money; this, of course, made Majuri many enemies. In order to have Majuri eliminated, Palermo contracted DeCavalcante family soldiers Joseph Masella, Anthony Capo and James "Jimmy" Gallo.
The three hitmen waited for the right moment, but were boxed in and felt the environment for making the hit wasn't certain enough; they then left. Masella reported to Palermo, who was hiding in Florida at the time, that the assassination-attempt had failed. Palermo then decided to let Majuri off, believing he wasn't powerful enough to make a threat.
[edit] Investigations
Toward the late 1990s, the 'Ruling Panel' kept running the DeCavalcante crime family with Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi still behind bars as the Boss, however, Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo gained more power and influence and eventually became the official Acting boss of the DeCavalcante family. While shutting Majuri out of most of the family's decisions, Palermo operated out of his strip-club Wiggles, where he and other high-ranking members such as Stefano Vitabile, capos Anthony Rotondo, Giuseppe "Pino" Schifilliti, Philip "Phil" Abramo and Girolamo "Jimmy" Palermo conspired to kill several members of the DeCavalcante family, such as soldiers Frank D'Amato and Joseph Masella, even Palermo's manager at his clubs, Tom Salvata.
Around here, in 1998, began the complete downfall of the DeCavalcante family, as an associate named Ralph Guarino, who has just been arrested for organizing three drug-addicted thieves; Richard Gillette, Melvin Folk and Michael Reed to rob the Bank of America, became an informant. The Bank of America Brinks van which brought millions to the WTC every day was ambushed by the robbers and they escaped with more than $1.6 million, however, in the aftermath of the Bank of America Robbery all three of the robbers were caught and in the end, Guarino decided to become an FBI informant and give up the DeCavalcante family, instead of spending 20 years in prison. During his time as an informant, fellow mobster Joseph Masella was gunned down on the orders of Vincent Palermo, and he was offered to become a made man.
There was also a plan to murder Frank D'Amato, initiated by Vinny Palermo, and what was worse; Ralph Guarino had it all on tape. The FBI could pounce and implicate most of the DeCavalcante family on one or two offenses. On December 2, 1999, there was a massive attack, launched by US law enforcement in which they aimed to arrest over 40 members of the DeCavalcante family, which had an estimated 70 active members by that point, with over 100 associates.
They arrested Vinny Palermo, in connection with the attempted-murder of Frank D'Amato, Charles Majuri and a whole host of other offences. They arrested Joseph "Tin Ear" Sclafani, a member of the DeCavalcante family who had been heard, on FBI tape, saying that he was going to make a robbery and unintentionally admitting to innumerable other offences, threatening to murder any police informant, without hesitation. Westley Paloscio, a bookmaker, was charged, along with four others, for the conspiracy to murder Joseph Masella. Numerous arrests were made when Bonanno associate, and informant, Jeffrey Pokross revealed a 'pump-and-dump' scam being run by the Bonnano crime family from DMN Capital Investment, in which a dozen mobsters persuaded Senior Citizens to buy worthless stocks and shares. Here, recognized capo Philip "Phil" Abramo was arrested. The US law enforcement rounded up the entire crime family, and even put Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi, who was hoping to be released in 2003, on trial in 2000 with reputed Acting boss Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo, Underboss Girolamo "Jimmy" Palermo, Consigliere Stefano Vitabile, captains Anthony Rotondo, Giuseppe "Pino" Schifilliti, Philip Abramo, Frank Polizzi and Charles Majuri, even dozens of soldiers, including James Gallo and Anthony Capo.
[edit] Informants & Trials
One by one, some members of the DeCavalcante family realized that they would not spend the rest of their lives behind bars, as reputed hitman Anthony Capo even became an informant, giving out information about Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo planning to murder Frank D'Amato, and he told the US authorities about how Palermo, in person, had shot and killed Real-Estate Developer, Fred Weiss, in 1989, on the orders of Anthony Rotondo. Not long after, Rotondo broke and gave up everything, including other murder conspiracies revolving the 1990s killing of John D'Amato, Louis LaRasso and Joseph Masella, and the entire conspiracy to kill Charles Majuri, Frank D'Amato and Tom Salvata.
By the end of both Anthony Rotondo and Anthony Capo's testimony, Palermo had to consider the possibility that with Rudolph Giuliani, New York's tough, anti-crime Mayor, he'd might face the death penalty, and finally, Palermo turned state's evidence as well, providing everything from labor and construction racketeering, to extortion, loansharking and illegal gambling, to drug trafficking, murder and conspiracy to commit murder charges, which were put on each of every DeCavalcante captain in the family at the time, even at two of the most high-ranking members of the family, Stefano Vitabile and Girolamo Palermo.
[edit] Current position and leadership
Thanks to the shocking testimonies of Anthony Capo, Anthony Rotondo, Vincent Palermo and the information gained via Ralph Guarino, the FBI arrested Riggi, who was already in jail, they also arrested Jimmy Palermo (Underboss), Giuseppe Schifilliti (Capo), Philip Abramo (Capo), Frank Polizzi (Capo), Charles Majuri (Capo) and Stefano Vitabile (Consigliere). The FBI arrested and federal prosecutors scored convictions against almost every member of the family.
As US law enforcement keeps on indict, arrest and prosecute members of the DeCavalcante crime family, federal authorities estimates that Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi still controls the family while incarcerated, with Elizabeth faction leaders Francesco "Frank" Guarraci as the current Acting Boss on the outside while running the day-to-day activities along with current Underboss Joseph "Joe" Miranda and longtime DeCavalcante soldier Frank D'Amato as the Acting Consigliere for Stefano "Steve the Truck Driver" Vitabile, who was sentenced to life imprisonment along with captains Abramo and Schifilliti in 2006. Riggi is still on trial, if convicted, he will also be sentenced to life behind bars.
[edit] Bosses of the DeCavalcante crime family
- 1910–1937 — Gaspare D'Amico (retired due to internal rivalry between Newark and Elizabeth factions in 1937.)
- 1937–1955 — Stefano "Steve" Badami (murderd in 1955 in another powerstruggle between the two factions of the organization.)
- 1955–1957 — Filippo "Phil" Amari (replaced by Nick Delmore after the war between Newark and Elizabeth factions. The Elizabeth faction later formed the family known today as the DeCavalcante crime family, but due to internal rivalry, he retired.)
- 1957–1964 — Nicholas "Nick" Delmore (recognized as the first official boss of the DeCavalcante crime family, attended the Apalachin Meeting in 1957, but retired and died due to ill health in 1964.)
- 1964–1975 — Simone "Sam the Plumber" DeCavalcante (nephew of Nick Delmore, expanded the family into Newark once again, and doubled the family's income and soldiers. Semi-retired in Florida by 1975. Died in 1997.)
- 1975–1980 — Simone "Sam the Plumber" DeCavalcante (Boss, semi-retired), Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi (acting boss)
- 1980–1990 — Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi (Boss) (convicted of extortion and racketeering, sentenced to 15 years in prison.)
- 1990–1991 — Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi (Boss, imprisoned), Gaetano "Corky" Vastola (acting boss, jailed)
- 1991–1992 — Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi (Boss, imprisoned), John "Johnny Boy" D'Amato (acting boss, murdered)
- 1992–1994 — Giacomo "Jake" Amari (acting boss/underboss, died from stomach cancer.)
- 1994–2000 — Ruling Committee/Panel (street bosses) Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo (defected 2000), Charles "Big Ears" Majuri (jailed), Girolamo "Jimmy" Palermo (jailed, house arrest) (Ruling Committee/Panel disbanded.)
- 2000–2006 — Giovanni "John" Riggi (Boss, imprisoned), Stefano "Steve the Truck Driver" Vitabile (acting boss/consigliere, jailed)
- 2006–2008 — Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi (Boss, imprisoned), Francesco "Frank" Guaracci (street boss) (sicillian born Guaracci is listed as street boss and is allegedly running the day-to-day activities), Girolamo "Jimmy" Palermo (underboss, jailed), Stefano "Steve the Truck Driver" Vitabile (consigliere, jailed), Frank D'Amato (acting consigliere)
- 2008–present — Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi (Boss, imprisoned), Francesco "Frank" Guaracci (acting boss), Joseph "Joe" Miranda (underboss), Frank D'Amato (consigliere) (present regime-hierarchy 2008) [4]
[edit] Current leading members
- Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi - Longtime Boss of the DeCavalcante crime family since the 1970s. Central ally of Gambino crime family Boss John Gotti. Convicted of racketeering and extortion charges in 1990 and is currently serving 15 years. Due out in 2012.
- Francesco "Frank" Guarraci - Capo, promoted to Acting boss of the family in 2006 due to massive family indictments, reportedly operates out of the Elizabeth faction of the family alongside newly-made Underboss Joseph Miranda. Born in Sicily.
- Joseph "Joe" Miranda - Current Underboss of the DeCavalcante crime family. Longtime Caporegime since the 1980s and ally of John Riggi. Operates out of the Elizabeth faction with racketeering and extortion activities. Considered senior advisor to the family.
- Stefano "Steve the Truck Driver" Vitabile - Reputed Consigliere since the 1980s to John Riggi. Convicted of racketeering, extortion and three counts of conspiracy to commit murder. Vitabile was sentenced to life imprisonment with two of his capos in 2006.
[edit] Present family capos
- Francesco "Frank" Guarraci - Capo, promoted to Acting boss in 2006. Reportedly controls the Elizabeth faction of the family with Miranda in illegal gambling, extortion, loansharking, and large labor and construction racketeering operations. Born in Sicily.
- Joseph "Joe" Miranda - Capo, currently promoted to Underboss, and operates out of the Elizabeth faction with labor racketeering and extortion along side Acting boss Frank Guarraci. Considered senior advisor to the family.
- Girolamo "Jimmy" Palermo - Capo, former longtime Underboss and Acting Boss of the family under John Riggi, put under house arrest after he was arrested on racketeering and murder conspiracy charges in 2003. Currently on trial for these charges.
- Charles "Big Ears" Majuri - Capo of the family since the 1980s. Former rival of John Riggi and Jimmy Palermo and operates out of the Newark faction of the family. Currently imprisoned for illegal gambling and loansharking charges.
- Giuseppe "Pino" Schifilliti - Capo of the DeCavalcante crime family since the regime of John Riggi and Sam DeCavalcante. Put on trial in 2005 for racketeering, extortion and conspiracy charges. Sentenced to life imprisonment in 2006 alongside Vitabile.
- Philip "Phil" Abramo - Capo since the 1990s. Ran the New York faction of the DeCavalcante family. Operated with stocks and fraud activities in Manhattan, New York and sentenced to life imprisonment in 2006 on racketeering and conspiracy charges.
- Gaetano "Corky" Vastola - Capo since the early 1980s, and seen as one of the toughest mobsters under Riggi as his Acting Boss. Vastola was jailed in 1991 on extortion charges and released in 1998. Considered retired as he's residing in Florida.
[edit] Other Members
[edit] Underbosses
- Nicholas Delmore - Underboss/Newark (1955-1956)
- Frank Majuri - Underboss/Newark (1957-1958)
- Louis LaRasso - Underboss/Newark (1958-1980)
- Girolamo Palermo - Underboss/Elizabeth (1980-1989)
- Giacomo Amari - Underboss/Elizabeth (1989-1994)
- Girolamo Palermo - Underboss/Elizabeth (1994-2003)
- Joseph Miranda - Underboss/Elizabeth (2003-present)
[edit] Consigliere
- Frank Majuri - Consigliere/Newark (1964-1983)
- Stefano Vitabile - Consigliere/Elizabeth (1983-2006)
- Frank D'Amato - Consigliere/Elizabeth (2006-present)
[edit] Capos
- Philip Amari - Capo/Newark (1930s-1955)
- Sam DeCavalcante - Capo/Newark (1950s-1964)
- Nicholas Delmore - Capo/Newark (1930s-1955)
- Stefano Badami - Capo/Newark (1920s-1937)
- Louis LaRasso - Capo/Newark (1955-1957)
- Frank Majuri - Capo/Newark (1957-1964)
- Girolamo Palermo - Capo/Elizabeth (1980s-present)
- Frank Polizzi - Capo/Newark (1980s-2001)
- John Riggi - Capo/Elizabeth (1964-1975)
- Giacomo Amari - Capo/Elizabeth (1980-1989)
- Joseph Miranda - Capo/Elizabeth (1980s-present)
- Frank Guarraci - Capo/Elizabeth (2000-present)
- Gaetano Vastola - Capo/Newark (1980s-present)
- Joseph Schifilliti - Capo/Newark (1980s-2006)
- Charles Majuri - Capo/Newark (1980s-present)
- Vincent Palermo - Capo/Elizabeth (1990s-2000)
- Anthony Rotondo - Capo/Elizabeth (1989-2001)
- John D'Amato - Capo/Elizabeth (1980s-1992)
- Philip Abramo - Capo/New York (1990s-2006)
[edit] Soldiers
- Frank D'Amato
- Joseph Masella
- Anthony Capo
- James Gallo
- Joseph Sclafani
- Louis Consalvo
- Gregory Rago
- Bernard NiCastro
- Frank Scarabino
- Anthony Mannarino
[edit] Government witnesses
- Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo - Acting boss
- Anthony "Tony" Rotondo - Capo
- Anthony "Tony" Capo - Soldier
- Frank "Beast" Scarabino - Soldier
- Ralph "Ralphie" Guarino - Associate
[edit] Further reading
- Smith, Greg B. Made Men: The True Rise-and-Fall Story of a New Jersey Mob Family. Berkley Books, 2003. ISBN 0-425-18551-6
- Jacobs, James B. Busting the Mob: The United States Vs. Cosa Nostra. New York: NYU Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8147-4230-0
- Jacobs, James B., Coleen Friel and Robert Radick. Gotham Unbound: How New York City Was Liberated from the Grip of Organized Crime. New York: NYU Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8147-4247-5
- Goldstock, Ronald, Martin Marcus and II Thacher. Corruption and Racketeering in the New York City Construction Industry: Final Report of the New York State Organized Crime Task Force. New York: NYU Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8147-3034-5
- United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Organized Crime in America: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1983.
[edit] External links
- The Mafia in New Jersey - State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation 1989
- DeCavalante Crime Family - New Jersey's Cosa Nostra Family
- This Week in Gangland: New Jersey Family is Second Class by Jerry Capeci
- New York Times: Crime Family Dealt a Blow, Police Say by William K. Rashbaum
- http://www.thelaborers.net/lexisnexis/951_f2d_1368-riggi.htm
- The Star-Ledger: Mob Story - How a crime family turned dysfunctional by Robert Rudolph
- New York Times: New Charges for Mob Family as U.S. Indictment Names 20 by Alan Feuer
- Round Up The Usual Suspects by John William Tuohy