Deborah Lawrie
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| Deborah Jane Lawrie | |
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| Born | May 14, 1953  Sydney, New South Wales |
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| Occupation | Airline pilot |
Deborah Jane Lawrie (born May 14, 1953), known as Deborah Wardley while married, was the first woman to become a pilot with a major Australian airline after winning a landmark sex discrimination case against Ansett Airlines.
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[edit] Early life and education
Deborah Lawrie was born in Sydney and her family later moved to Melbourne, Victoria. She graduated with a degree in science from the University of Melbourne in 1974 and in education from Rusden State College in 1975. She taught high school mathematics and science from 1975 to 1977.
She obtained a private pilot licence in 1971 (aged 18) and a commercial pilot licence in 1973. She logged 2600 flying hours and became a general aviation flying instructor and charter pilot in 1976.
[edit] Case against Ansett
Lawrie first applied to Ansett Airlines in 1976 and kept sending applications for two years. During that time, 10 fellow male flying instructors were accepted into the Ansett pilot training program. She was finally interviewed in 1978 but was rejected. She took the case to the then new Victorian Equal Opportunity Board and challenged Ansett's rejection under recently enacted equal opportunity legislation.
Having married days before the case began, she chose to use her married name in the case. The case of Deborah J. Wardley v. Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd was the first sex discrimination in employment case contested before the Equal Opportunity Board.[1]
Reg Ansett denied the allegation of discrimination but admitted that it was his strong personal view that women were not suited to be airline pilots. In a letter to the secretary of the Women's Electoral Lobby, the General Manager of Ansett wrote: "Ansett has adopted a policy of only employing men as pilots. This does not mean that women cannot be good pilots, but we are concerned with the provision of the safest and most efficient air service possible. In this regard, we feel that an all-male pilot crew is safer than one in which the sexes are mixed."[2]
Ansett raised a number of objections to the employment of women as pilots, including[3]:
- That pilots needed strength, even though there was no strength test for pilots
- That unions would object
- That women's menstrual cycles made them unsuitable
- Pregnancy and childbirth would disrupt a woman's career to the point where it would jeopardise safety and incur extra costs for the company. This was Ansett's main legal argument.
The Victorian Equal Opportunity Board ruled that Ansett's refusal to employ Wardley was illegal. It awarded damages of $14,500 and ordered Ansett to include her in its next pilot training program. Ansett delayed its training intake and appealed to the Supreme Court of Victoria but the appeal was dismissed. Ansett appealed the Supreme Court decision to the High Court of Australia in October 1979, but employed Wardley from November 5 pending the outcome of the case.[4]
During classroom training, Ansett attempted to sack her by claiming she had been at fault in a near-miss incident at Moorabbin Airport despite an inquiry exonerating her and identifying the other pilot as at fault. Ansett backed down after unions stepped in.[5]
When classroom training was completed in December 1979, she was not assigned to training aircraft despite the male trainees progressing to flight training. Ansett Airlines had been taken over by Peter Abeles and Rupert Murdoch in late 1979. Wardley had previously trained Murdoch's brother in law, John Calvert-Jones, to fly. She telephoned Calvert-Jones in early January 1980 informing him of the situation. Two days later Rupert Murdoch issued a memo directing that she was to be treated the same as the male pilot candidates.[5] She commenced flight training immediately and made her first commercial flight co-piloting a Fokker F27 from Alice Springs to Darwin on January 22, 1980.
The High Court dismissed Ansett's appeal in March 1980. The case is still used as a precedent.
[edit] Later career
Wardley progressed to jet aircraft, going on to fly the McDonnell Douglas DC-9, Boeing 727 and Boeing 737 with Ansett Airlines. She was one of 1,640 pilots who resigned en masse following the 1989 Australian pilots' strike. She briefly returned to teaching and had her first child, Thomas, in January 1991. She published her autobiography in 1992.
In 1993 she moved to the Netherlands and joined KLM Royal Dutch Airlines as a Fokker F50 pilot. In 1994 she became a Fokker F50 instructor. In 1998 she became Flight Safety Manager and Chief Flight Safety Investigator for KLM Cityhopper. As of 2007 she is a senior Airbus A330 captain with KLM.
Now divorced, she has resumed using the name Deborah Lawrie. In a 2004 interview, she said she plans to return to Australia when she reaches the European pilots' retirement age of 56.[5]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Sisely, Dianne (2000-2001). Annual Report: Chief Executive's Report (PDF) 14. Equal Opportunity Commission Victoria. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ Equal opportunity getting a fair go: The Raw Deal. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ Smith, Fiona (September 2004). Bridging the Gap Between Expectation and Reality (PDF). Equal Opportunity Commission Victoria. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ The Law Report, 6 July 2004. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ a b c Porter, Liz. "25 years on, pilot fighter lands softly", The Age, 2004-06-27. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
[edit] References
- Letting Fly: Deborah Wardley Australia's Trail-Blazing Pilot, Elaine McKenna & Deborah Lawrie, Allen & Unwin 1992, ISBN 1863732594.
[edit] External links
- High Court of Australia: Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd v. Wardley (1980) 142 CLR 237
- Ansett trainee pilots, Deborah Wardley and Felicity Bush, 1981 (National Archives of Australia)
- Equal opportunity pioneer celebrates 25 years in the skies (Victorian Equal Opportunity & Human Rights Commission)
