Daylight saving time around the world

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Daylight saving time around the world, showing usage and a short history of daylight saving time by location in alphabetic order.

Contents 1 Africa 1.1 Egypt 1.2 Morocco 1.3 Namibia 1.4 Tunisia 2 Asia 2.1 People's Republic of China 2.2 Hong Kong 2.3 India 2.4 Iran 2.5 Iraq 2.6 Israel 2.7 Japan 2.8 Jordan 2.9 Kazakhstan 2.10 Kyrgyzstan 2.11 Lebanon 2.12 Pakistan 2.13 Philippines 2.14 South Korea 2.15 Syria 2.16 Taiwan 2.17 No DST 3 Oceania 3.1 Australia 3.2 New Zealand 3.3 United States 3.3.1 Hawaii 3.3.2 United States Territories 4 Europe 4.1 In general 4.2 Denmark 4.3 Iceland 4.4 Norway 4.5 Russia 4.6 Sweden 5 North America 5.1 Canada 5.1.1 British Columbia 5.1.2 Nunavut 5.1.3 Ontario 5.1.4 Quebec 5.1.5 Saskatchewan 5.2 Greenland 5.3 Mexico 5.3.1 Baja California 5.3.2 Sonora 5.3.3 Island territories 5.4 United States 5.4.1 From 1987 through 2006 5.4.2 From 2007 on 5.4.2.1 Legislative moves 5.4.3 Alaska 5.4.4 Arizona 5.4.5 Colorado 5.4.6 Florida 5.4.7 Indiana 5.4.8 Michigan 5.4.9 Nevada 5.4.10 United States of America Territories 5.5 Central America 5.5.1 Guatemala 5.5.2 Honduras 5.5.3 Nicaragua 5.6 West Indies 5.6.1 Cuba 6 South America 6.1 Argentina 6.2 Brazil 6.3 Chile 6.4 Colombia 6.5 Ecuador 6.6 Falkland Islands 6.7 Paraguay 6.8 Uruguay 6.9 Rest of South America 7 References 8 External links

[edit] Africa

The only African countries which use daylight saving time are:

• Canary Islands From last Sunday in March to Last Sunday in October and UTC.^[1]
• Egypt From last Friday in April to Last Thursday in September and UTC+3.
• Morocco From June 1 to september 28 and UTC+1.
• Namibia From first Sunday in September to First Sunday in April and UTC+2.
• Tunisia From last Sunday in March to Last Sunday in October and UTC+2.

[edit] Egypt

The British first instituted DST in Egypt during the Second World War, specifically between 1940 and 1945. The practice was stopped after the war, but resumed 12 years later, in 1957. Egypt normally observes DST between the last Thursday in April and the last Thursday in September when the clocks are three hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+3). The change is at midnight (local time); i.e. on the last Thursday of April, one second after 23:59:59 becomes 1:00:00 on Friday. DST ends on the last Thursday of September; on that Thursday, one second after 23:59:59 becomes 23:00:00. The date does not change when the first 00:00 midnight occurs; for all practical purposes, midnight does not occur until after the second 23:59:59. An exception is made for Ramadan; in 2006 the end of DST took place one week earlier, on September 21, 2006, to take place before the start of the Ramadan holiday^[2], while in 2007 DST ended on September 7, 2007.

[edit] Morocco

DST begins on june 1, and ends on september 28. This is the first time morocco will use daylight saving time since the late 70's.^[3]

[edit] Namibia

DST begins on the first Sunday in September, and ends on the first Sunday in April.

[edit] Tunisia

Tunisia adopted daylight saving time for the first time in 2005 starting 1 May 2005 and following EU time schedules thereafter. This comes as a move by the government to try and promote saving of energy in the wake of the ever-rising cost of fuel in the world market.

[edit] Asia

[edit] People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China experimented with DST from 1986, but abandoned DST from 1992 onwards. The PRC now uses one time zone (UTC+8) for the whole country.

[edit] Hong Kong

Hong Kong used DST beginning in 1948, but abandoned it from 1980 onwards^[4].

[edit] India

India used DST briefly during war times, but no longer operates the system.

[edit] Iran

Before 1979, DST was observed in Iran. Thereafter it was abandoned until 1989, when it started on the first day of Farvardin (21-22 March) in the Iranian calendar and ended on the first day of Mehr (23-24 September). In the Spring of 2006, the government of Iran ceased observing DST.^[5] In September 2007, however, the Majlis (Iranian parliament) passed a law restoring daylight saving time beginning from the spring of 2008, despite opposition by the Ahmadinejad government.

[edit] Iraq

During 2003-2007, Iraq observed DST from the first Friday in April to the last Friday in October. Before 2003, DST was observed from the last Thursday in April to the last Thursday in October.

Iraq will not observe DST in 2008.^[6]

[edit] Israel

Israel observes DST starting on the last Friday before April 2 and ending at 2 AM on the Sunday between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Until 2005, the schedule was variable: the only requirement was that there be at least 150 days per year of DST, and was set out each year by the Ministry of the Interior.^[7]

In territories controlled by the Palestinian National Authority, DST ends later, which can lead to some confusion. On September 5, 1999, militants were transporting a bomb that they mistakenly thought was set to go off at 5:30 PM Israel Standard Time; it was actually set for 5:30 PM Palestinian Daylight Time, which was an hour ahead. As a result, the bomb went off while the bomb was still being transported, killing the terrorists (and earning them a Darwin Award).^[8]

[edit] Japan

From 1948 to 1951, Japan observed DST between May and September every year under an initiative of the U.S.-led occupation army. The unpopularity of DST, for which people complained about sleep disruption and longer daytime labor (some workers had to work from early morning till dusk), caused Japan to abandon DST in 1952, shortly after its sovereignty was restored upon the coming into effect of the San Francisco Peace Treaty. Since then, DST has never been officially implemented nationwide in Japan.

Starting in the late 1990s, a movement to re-install DST in Japan gained some popularity, aiming at saving energy and increasing recreational time. The Hokkaidō region is particularly in favor of this movement because daylight starts as early as 3:30 am (in standard time) there in summer due to its high latitude and its location near the eastern edge of the time zone. In the early 2000s, a few local governments and commerce departments promoted unmandated hour-earlier work schedule experiments during summer time without officially resetting clocks.

The Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy is expected to propose that the Japanese government begin studying DST in an attempt to help combat global warming. The former Japanese PM Shinzo Abe is reportedly gravely concerned about global warming, and his government is determined to introduce DST.^[9] However, it is not clear that DST would conserve energy in Japan. A 2007 simulation estimated that introducing DST to Japan would increase energy use in Osaka residences by 0.13%, with a 0.02% savings due to lighting more than outweighed by a 0.15% increase due to cooling costs; the simulation did not examine non-residential buildings.^[10]

[edit] Jordan

Jordan UTC+2 observes daylight saving time from the end of March to the end of October.

[edit] Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan made a decision to stop observing DST in 2005, citing health complications as well as lowered productivity and a lack of economic benefits.^[11]

[edit] Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan voted to stop observing DST in 2005 by remaining on UTC+6 as Standard Time (which used to be Kyrgyzstan Summer Time) to still save energy.

[edit] Lebanon

[edit] Pakistan

Pakistan experimented with DST in 2002, going from +5:00 to +6:00 on the first Sunday in April at 00:00 to the first Sunday in October at 00:00. Pakistan has implemented DST again from June 1, 2008 to August 31, 2008, to meet the annual shortfall of 4 gigawatts of electricity instead of enforcing daily power cuts in households and factories.^[12]

[edit] Philippines

The Philippines experimented with DST for shorter periods during the presidencies of Corazon Aquino (1986 to 1992) and Fidel Ramos (1992 to 1998). DST was primarily intended to help deal with the country's energy crisis by minimizing the number of hours where electric lighting was to be used. On April 2006, the Philippine Department of Trade and Industry again proposed that DST be implemented to help deal with rising oil prices.^[13][14]

[edit] South Korea

South Korea observed DST from 1948 to 1951, from 1955 to 1960, and from 1987 to 1988. South Korea does not currently observe DST.

[edit] Syria

Syria observed DST at UTC+3, in 2006 from 30 March until 21 September (a change from 30 September).

[edit] Taiwan

Taiwan implemented DST from 1945 to 1961, revoked DST from 1962 to 1973, reinstated DST from 1974 to 1975, and abandoned DST from 1976 onwards.

[edit] No DST

These countries or regions do not use daylight saving time:

• Afghanistan
• Bahrain
• Bangladesh
• Bhutan
• Brunei
• Cambodia
• China
• Hong Kong
• India
• Indonesia
• Iraq
• Japan
• Kazakhstan
• Kuwait
• Kyrgyzstan
• Laos
• Macau
• Malaysia
• Mongolia
• Myanmar
• Nepal
• North Korea
• Papua New Guinea
• Philippines
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• Singapore
• South Korea
• Taiwan
• Tajikistan
• Thailand
• Timor Leste
• Turkmenistan
• Uzbekistan
• Vietnam

[edit] Oceania

New Zealand and parts of Australia are the only areas in Oceania that currently observe DST.

[edit] Australia

Main article: Time in Australia

In Australia, the decision to implement daylight saving time is left up to each state or territory. Some states and territories implement it and some do not.

New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory and South Australia apply DST on a yearly basis, from the first Sunday of October to the first Sunday of April. Originally Tasmania alone commenced daylight saving on the first Sunday in October, while the other states began on the last Sunday in October and finished on the last Sunday in March, until 2008. From 2008 daylight saving is being extended another four weeks in NSW, Victoria, SA and the ACT, in addition to Tasmania. - Summer 2007/08 saw an extension of 1 week, which commenced on October 28 ('07) and concluded on April 6 ('08).

In 2006, the Parliament of Western Australia approved a three-year daylight saving trial to be followed by a referendum to decide whether DST should be put in place permanently. However, public opposition mounted during the first year of the trial,^[15] and the WA Nationals announced a public campaign to bring the referendum forward to 2007 before 2009.^[16] Three previous referendums, in 1975, 1984 and 1992, rejected DST.^[17] Western Australia maintained DST in 2007 and 2008, and has not amended its start and finish dates to stay in-line with the eastern states.

The Northern Territory and Queensland do not officially have DST. Queensland experimented with DST in the early 1970s, and again in the early 1990s, but it was abandoned after a majority of residents voted against it in a 1992 referendum. It continues to be a source of controversy. The Northern Territory experimented with daylight saving in the early part of the 20th century. It was last used in 1944.

[edit] New Zealand

Main article: Time in New Zealand

From 30 April 2007, DST begins at 2 a.m. NZST on the last Sunday in September each year, and ends at 3 a.m. NZDT (or 2 a.m. NZST as defined in the Time Act 1974) on the first Sunday in April.

New Zealand time, including DST, is used by several Antarctic bases that are supplied from New Zealand. This results in the oddity that the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station sets its clocks an hour further ahead during the southern summer, when the sun is constantly above the horizon, than in the southern winter, when the sun is constantly below the horizon. The extreme geographic position of the base means that there is no possible adjustment of the daily activity cycle that can have any effect on the amount of sunlight received during those activities. However, the arrangement presumably makes real time communications with New Zealand more practical, particularly in dealing with offices.

[edit] United States

[edit] Hawaii

Because of Hawaii's tropical latitude, there is not a large variation in daylight length between winter and summer. Due to the location of Hawaiian archipelago, advancing the clock in Hawaii would have made sunrise times close to 7:00 A.M. even in June.[1] (Most of inhabited islands are located close to the west end of the Hawaii-Aleutian time zone, but Oahu, Kauai and Niihau are located more than 7 1/2 degrees west of the Hawaii-Aleutian time zone's meridian and should, ideally, be located in the next time zone to the west.) Hawaii did experiment with DST for three weeks between April 30, 1933 and May 21, 1933; there is no record as to why it was implemented or ultimately discontinued.^[18] Hawaii has never observed daylight saving time under the Uniform Time Act, having opted out of the Act's provisions in 1967.^[19]

[edit] United States Territories

All U.S. insular territories with civilian government in Oceania, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands do not observe DST. They all lie in the tropics.

[edit] Europe

[edit] In general

All countries in Europe except Iceland observe DST and most change on the same date and time, starting on the last Sunday in March and ending on the last Sunday in October. Before 1996, DST ended on the last Sunday in September in most European countries; in the British Isles though, DST then ended on the fourth (which some years isn't the last) Sunday in October. In the West European (UTC), Central European (CET, UTC+1), and East European (UTC+2) time zones the change is simultaneous: on both dates the clocks are changed everywhere at 01:00 UTC, i.e. from local times of 01:00/02:00/03:00 to 02:00/03:00/04:00 in March, and vice versa in October.^[20] See also: European Summer Time and British Summer Time which includes description of Double Summer Time.

[edit] Denmark

As a reminder that DST can still cause controversy, one might note the existence of a national association against DST (Landsforeningen mod Sommertid).^[21]

[edit] Iceland

With Iceland observing UTC all year round despite being at a longitude which would indicate UTC-1, the country may be thought of as being on continuous DST.

[edit] Norway

In Norway, DST (locally known by the expression "summer-time") was introduced in 1916, 1940-45, and 1959-65. The arrangement was highly controversial, and in 1965 parliament (Stortinget) decided that enough was enough, and discontinued the practice. In 1980, however, DST was re-introduced, and at present (2007) Norway follows the European Union in this matter.^[22]

[edit] Russia

In Russia daylight saving time was originally introduced on July 1, 1917, by a decree of the Russian Provisional Government, when clocks were moved one hour forwards. But it was abandoned by a Decree of the Soviet government five months later, clocks being moved one hour back again on December 27.

Daylight saving time was reintroduced in the USSR (Moscow Summer Time) on April 1, 1981, by a decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In Russia it was not abandoned after the breakup of the USSR. The changeover dates in Russia are the same as for other European countries, but clocks are moved forward or back at 02:00 local time in all zones. Thus in Moscow (local time = UTC+3 in winter, UTC+4 in summer), DST commences at 23:00 UTC on the day before the last Sunday in March, and ends at 23:00 UTC on the day before the last Sunday in October (note that "day before last Sunday" is not the same as "last Saturday" in a month where the last day is a Saturday).

[edit] Sweden

In Sweden daylight saving time was originally introduced on May 15, 1916. It wasn't popular at all, and on Sept 30 the same year, Sweden went back to standard time and remained there for many decades.

On April 6, 1980, Sweden again introduced daylight saving time, and since then DST has been observed every summer in Sweden. Except from the introduction year 1980, daylight saving time has always started on the last Sunday in March. It ended on the last Sunday in September during the years 1980-1995, and on the last Sunday in October from 1996 and on, following a unification of start/end dates of DST within the EU as well as in several European countries then outside the EU.

Since DST was reintroduced in 1980 in April 6, five days after April 1, a major Swedish newspaper took the opportunity to publish an april fool's joke on April 1 1980. According to the joke, DST had been introduced almost in secret with nearly no public information, everybody was late everywhere, hardly anyone really knew what the time was, and there was chaos everywhere.

[edit] North America

North America generally follows the same procedure, with each time zone switching at 2:00 a.m. LST (local standard time) to 3:00 LDT (local daylight time) on the second Sunday in March, and again from 2:00 a.m. LDT to 1:00 LST on the first Sunday in November since 2007. Previously, daylight saving time was four to five weeks shorter (see below).

The Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador is an exception in that the time changes take place at 00:01 local standard time and 00:01 local daylight time respectively.^[23] Also, in 1988, they experimented with Double Daylight Time, when the clocks went ahead by two hours, instead of the usual one hour.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Canada

Main article: Time in Canada

In Canada, time is under provincial and territorial jurisdiction, not federal. The governments of Ontario, Manitoba, Nunavut, Quebec, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Alberta, the Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Yukon Territory have so far pledged to change their DST rules to match the new U.S. rules. Newfoundland and Labrador followed by also adopting legislation to implement the change.^[23] In 2007, their DST started on the second Sunday in March, and returned to standard time on the first Sunday of November, to coincide with the U.S. dates.^[23][24][25] As noted below, Saskatchewan stays on DST year round.

[edit] British Columbia

Most of British Columbia (BC) is on Pacific Time and observes DST. However there are two main exceptions:

Part of the Peace River Regional District of BC (including the communities of Chetwynd, Dawson Creek, Hudson's Hope, Fort St. John, Taylor and Tumbler Ridge) is on Mountain Time and does not observe DST. This means that in winter the region is on the same time as Edmonton, Alberta, and in summer is on the same time as Vancouver, BC.

The East Kootenay region of south-eastern BC (including the communities of Cranbrook, Fernie, Golden and Invermere) is on Mountain Time and observes DST. This means that the region is always on the same time as Calgary, Alberta.

[edit] Nunavut

While the rest of Nunavut observes DST, Southampton Island including Coral Harbour remain on Eastern Standard Time throughout the year.

[edit] Ontario

Most of Ontario uses DST with a few exceptions. Pickle Lake and New Osnaburgh in northwestern Ontario use Central Standard Time but do not observe DST. Atikokan, also in northwestern Ontario uses Eastern Standard Time but also does not observe DST. The remainder of Ontario however, does observe DST.

[edit] Quebec

The eastern reaches of Quebec's North Shore, east of 63° West longitude, are in the Atlantic Time Zone, but do not observe DST (see exception, below). The effect is that in summer, their clocks match those of the rest of the province, which observes Eastern Daylight Time. In October, their clocks are rejoined by their Atlantic Standard Time neighbors. Although places east of 63° West are officially on Atlantic Time, local custom is to use Eastern Time as far east as the Natashquan River. Those communities observe DST, including all of Anticosti Island, which is bisected by the 63rd meridian.

[edit] Saskatchewan

Officially, the province is part of the Central time zone (UTC-6), and it does not observe daylight saving. This zone was implemented in 1966, when the Saskatchewan Time Act was passed in order to standardize time province-wide. The province would observe Mountain Standard Time (UTC-7) if time zones strictly conformed to lines of longitude, though as noted above this is plainly not the case. Saskatchewan in effect could be said to observe Mountain Daylight Time year-round, even though it is not labeled as such.

The charter of the city of Lloydminster, which is bisected by the Saskatchewan–Alberta boundary, gives it a special exemption to use DST. Lloydminster and the immediately surrounding region in Saskatchewan observe the same time as Alberta: Mountain Standard Time with seasonal daylight saving.^[26] Along the Manitoba border, the small, remote Saskatchewanian towns of Denare Beach and Creighton unofficially observe DST, thereby keeping the same time as larger neighboring Manitoba communities.

[edit] Greenland

Greenland (excluding two minor areas at Danmarkshavn and Pituffik) observes DST and uses the European convention (DST begins 01:00 UTC last Sunday in March and ends 01:00 UTC last Sunday in October). Most of the country is in the UTC-3 zone in the winter (UTC-2 in the summer).

[edit] Mexico

Main article: Time in Mexico

Mexico adopted DST nationwide in 1996, even in its tropical regions, because of its increasing economic ties to the United States. Although the United States has changed the schedule for DST beginning in 2007, Mexico will not be going along with it. DST has often been a contentious issue in Mexico and is not likely to be expanded.

[edit] Baja California

The state of Baja California the daylight saving time has been observed from several decades ago and until 1996 was the only Mexican state to observe the DST. Its neighbor, the US state of California observes the DST a few weeks earlier than the Mexican state, this fact complicates the economic ties between the border cities.

[edit] Sonora

The state of Sonora has not observed DST since 1998 because its neighbor Arizona does not observe DST, and the important economic ties between these two states.^[27]

[edit] Island territories

The Marías Islands and the Revillagigedo Archipelago does not observe DST.

[edit] United States

Further information: Time in the United States

Since 2007, daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November, with all time changes taking place at 2:00 a.m. local time. (From 1987 through 2006, DST began on the first Sunday of April and ended on the last Sunday of October.) Under Section 110 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the U.S. Department of Energy is required to study the impact of 2007's DST extension no later than nine months after the change took effect. Congress has retained the right to revert to the DST schedule set in 1986. One potential issue is that some northern regions on the western edges of time zones are, for the first time since the 1974-75 "almost year round" DST experiment, experiencing sunrise times that occur later than 8am.

Many computers are affected by this change; see Y2K7.

[edit] From 1987 through 2006

The schedule through 2006 in the United States was that DST began on the first Sunday in April (April 2, 2006), and changed back to standard time on the last Sunday in October (October 29, 2006). The time is adjusted at 2 AM local time.

Time Zone	Standard Time	Daylight Saving
USA Eastern	-5 hours	-4 hours (19:44)
USA Central	-6 hours	-5 hours (18:44)
USA Mountain	-7 hours	-6 hours (17:44)
USA Arizona	-7 hours (16:44)
USA Pacific	-8 hours	-7 hours (16:44)
USA Alaska	-9 hours	-8 hours (15:44)
USA Aleutian	-10 hours	-9 hours (14:44)
USA Hawaii	-10 hours (13:44)
Current local times in 24-hour format are in parentheses.

[edit] From 2007 on

In 2007, daylight saving time (DST) was extended in the United States. DST started on the second Sunday of March (March 11, 2007), which was three weeks earlier than in the past, and it ended on the first Sunday of November (November 4, 2007), one week later than in years past (more details on the new DST start and end times can be found here). This change resulted in a new DST period that was four weeks (and sometimes five weeks, as in 2008 or whenever March has five Sundays) longer than in previous years.^[28]

Thus, in 2008, daylight saving time in the United States began on Sunday, March 9, 2008, and would end on November 2, 2008.^[28]

[edit] Legislative moves

One bill that had been pushed for the past several years, especially by Wyoming Senator Michael Enzi, was the Halloween Safety Act to extend DST by one week to end on the first Sunday of November instead of the last Sunday in October. The idea was to allow children to go trick-or-treating in more daylight. This extension was finally achieved with the passage of the Energy Policy Act of 2005.

[edit] Alaska

Alaska currently observes DST, but there is a statewide move to abolish it. As of July 24, 2006, Alaska's lieutenant governor Loren Leman approved a petition to collect signatures to put the initiative measure on the ballot by 2008. Due to its high latitude, Alaska has nearly round-the-clock daylight during summer and DST is seen by some Alaskans as unnecessary and a nuisance. Another issue is that the Alaskan mainland's single time zone is too wide and there is a large disparity between civil time and solar time with solar noon occurring as late as 3:00 P.M. by the clock in places like Nome, Alaska. Others argue that ending daylight saving time will place Alaska as much as five hours from Eastern Daylight Time, making coordination of travel and phone conversations more difficult.

[edit] Arizona

Arizona did observe DST in 1967 under the Uniform Time Act because the state legislature did not enact an exemption statute that year. In March 1968, the DST exemption statute was enacted and the state of Arizona has not observed DST since 1967 (however, the large Navajo Indian Reservation, which extends from Arizona into two adjacent states, does). This is in large part due to energy conservation since the temperature in and around Phoenix and Tucson is hotter than any other large U.S. metropolitan area during the summer, resulting in more power usage from air conditioning units and evaporative coolers in homes and businesses. An extra hour of sunlight while people are active would cause people to run their cooling systems longer, thereby using more energy.

[edit] Colorado

At the end of the 20th century, Colorado Springs Gazette columnist Ralph Routon wrote a series of columns supporting the idea of placing all of Colorado on year-round DST in order to save state residents the "aggravation of resetting their clocks every six months."^[29] The idea gathered noticeable popular support within Colorado Springs, and attention of the state's larger newspapers,^[30] but when then state Senator MaryAnne Tebedo attempted to present the idea to the state legislature, her research uncovered Federal laws forbidding the state-initiated extension of daylight saving time. Still determined to relieve Coloradans of the need to change their clocks, Tebedo introduced the only bill legally permitted to her: a proposal to exempt the state of Colorado from DST. The bill failed to escape committee during the 2000 legislative session.^[31]

[edit] Florida

In March 2008, Florida state senator Bill Posey introduced a bill in the Florida legislature to abolish daylight time in the state and keep Florida on year-round standard time.[2]

[edit] Indiana

See also: Time in Indiana

From 1970 until 2006, most of Indiana in the Eastern Time Zone did not observe daylight saving time, but the entire state started to do so in April 2006 after eight counties in western Indiana were shifted from the Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.^[32] One of the goals for observing DST was to get more Indiana counties observing the same timezone; formerly, 77 counties observed EST, 5 observed EST/EDT, and 10 observed CST/CDT. At present Indiana has 18 counties observing Central Daylight Time while the remaining 74 counties observe Eastern Daylight Time.

[edit] Michigan

In 1967 the Michigan Legislature adopted a statute, Act 6 of the Public Acts of 1967, exempting the state from the observance of DST. The exemption statute was suspended on June 14, 1967, however, when the referendum was invoked. From June 14, 1967, until the last Sunday in October, 1967, Michigan observed DST, and did so in 1968 as well. The exemption statute was submitted to the voters at the General Election held in November, 1968, and, in a very close vote, the exemption statute was sustained. As a result, Michigan did not observe DST in 1969, 1970, 1971, or 1972. In November, 1972, an initiative measure, repealing the exemption statute, was approved by the voters. Michigan has observed DST in 1973 and all subsequent years.

[edit] Nevada

In 2005, Nevada Assembly Bill 18 would have exempted Nevada from daylight saving time. The bill's author, Assemblyman Bob McCleary, D-North Las Vegas, argued that because of southern Nevada's desert climate, it would reduce power usage during the peak summer months by reducing the time that people would operate their home air conditioners. The result of not observing DST, however, would place the state in an odd time configuration relative to neighboring states. Because it is on the eastern edge of the Pacific Time Zone, Nevada (PST) would be two hours behind Utah (MDT), its eastern neighbor, and one hour behind California (PDT), its western neighbor. In the summer, it would therefore be the same time in Nevada (PST) as it would be in the majority of Alaska (AKDT). The bill died without a vote.^[33]

[edit] United States of America Territories

All U.S. insular territories with civilian government in North America, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands do not observe DST. They all lie in the tropics.

[edit] Central America

[edit] Guatemala

Guatemala has used DST from time to time due to energy problems. The last time it used DST was on April 30, 2006, ending on October 1, 2006. The implementation of DST has saved more than eight million dollars.^{[citation needed]} However DST was not observed in 2007.

[edit] Honduras

Honduras adopted DST once from May 1994 until September 1994 but abandoned it that same year. On May 7, 2006 it again used DST, however it ended on August 7, 2006 making this the shortest use of DST in the northern hemisphere as it was only applied for 3 months. The government decided not to use DST in 2007.^[34]

[edit] Nicaragua

Nicaragua observed DST from January 1, 1992 until February 20, 1994 but it was stopped. On April 10, 2005 until October 2, 2005 DST was implemented, and the following year the period was similar, beginning on April 30, 2006 and ending on October 1, 2006; this measure was for energy conservation. In 2007 the government of Nicaragua decided stop observing daylight saving time.

[edit] West Indies

[edit] Cuba

Cuba remained on DST from April of 2004 until October 29, 2006. Cuba was on DST from 11 March 2007 to 28 October 2007 and restarts DST again on 16 March 2008.^[35]

[edit] South America

[edit] Argentina

After a period of not observing DST, on December 21, 2007, Argentina resumed by law the observance, in an attempt to save energy. This law is to be enforced for the first time at midnight on December 30, 2007. Argentina will resume standard time on March 16, 2008.

[edit] Brazil

Brazil adopted DST (called horário de verão – "summer time" – in Portuguese) for the first time in 1931, and has used it continuously since 1985 in the southern states (south, southeast regions and the states of Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul), and in Bahia until 2004. Starting and ending dates are variable: normally, DST starts at midnight on an October (rarely November) Sunday and ends at midnight on a February or March Sunday. In 2007, DST started on October 14, 2007 and it ended on February 17, 2008 in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Distrito Federal.

[edit] Chile

Chile observes DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, but it may vary. In 2008,for example, the time was adjusted on Sunday, March 30,at 12 AM.

[edit] Colombia

From February 1992 until March 1993, Colombia suffered rolling blackouts of up to 10 hours a day due to a particularly strong El Niño season, which dried the reservoirs in hydroelectric plants in a country deriving 70% of its energy output from hydroelectric sources; consequently, the government decided to use DST to help save electricity. The experiment did not have good results due to the low latitude; therefore it is no longer observed, and, indeed, it was intended to be a temporary measure.^[36]

[edit] Ecuador

President Sixto Durán Ballén imposed daylight saving time in 1992 in an energy-saving effort. It was poorly received by the populace and did not last long.

[edit] Falkland Islands

DST is observed from the first Sunday of September to the third Sunday of April. ^[37]

[edit] Paraguay

Paraguay observes DST. The current regulation that establishes this is decree 1867 of March 5, 2004. DST ends on the second Sunday of March and starts on the third Sunday of October.

In 2007, DST started on October 15, 2006 and ended on March 11, 2007.

[edit] Uruguay

Since 2004, Uruguay has observed DST. Starting in 2006, DST will start on the first Sunday in October and end on the second Sunday in March of every year.

[edit] Rest of South America

These areas do not use daylight saving time:

• Colombia
• Guyana
• Peru
• Venezuela
• The following states of Brazil: Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Roraima, Sergipe, and Tocantins.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Sources for time zone and daylight saving time data