David Manning (fictitious writer)

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"David Manning" was a fictitious film critic, created by a marketing executive working for Sony Corporation around July 2000 to give consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary Columbia Pictures. Several blurbs posted under the name "David Manning" were written for the medieval action/drama A Knight's Tale (citing Heath Ledger as "this year's hottest new star!") and Rob Schneider's comedy The Animal ("Another winner!"), ^[1] the latter of which generally received very poor reviews by real critics.

The name David Manning was chosen by Matthew Cramer, the Sony marketing executive responsible for the insertions. Cramer chose the name because he had a friend with the same name. The fictional reviewer supposedly wrote for The Ridgefield Press, though the small Connecticut weekly was not involved.^[1]

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He often signed as Dave Manning and falsely claimed to be a writer for the Ridgefield Press. Newsweek reporter John Horn discovered that the Ridgefield Press (the newspaper where Manning supposedly had been working) had never heard of him. He disclosed the truth about Manning in June 2001.^[1] The article came around the same time as an announcement that Sony had used employees posing as moviegoers in television commercials to praise Mel Gibson's film The Patriot. These occurrences, in tandem, raised questions and controversy about ethics in movie marketing practices.

On 3 August 2005, Sony made an out-of-court settlement^[2] and agreed to refund $5 to anyone who saw Hollow Man, The Animal, The Patriot, A Knight's Tale or Vertical Limit in American theatres between 3 August 2000 and 31 October 2001.