David Hawley
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David Hawley (1741–1807), Captain in the newly formed United States Navy and Privateer, fought in the first U.S. naval battle of the American Revolutionary War in 1776.
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[edit] Biography
Hawley was born into a Connecticut seafaring family in 1741. His parents were James and Eunice Hawley who lived in the Stratfield section of Stratford, Connecticut now Bridgeport. Hawley's grandfather was Gideon, his great grandfather was Ephraim and his great great grandfather was Joseph Hawley (Captain), the first of the name in America.
[edit] Commission
David Hawley was appointed a Lieutenant on July 11, 1776 to serve on the state man of war Oliver Cromwell. At a meeting with the Governor of Connecticut and Council of Safety on August 16, 1776, it was voted to draw an order in favour of Captain David Hawley for 180 pounds to enable Hawley to raise a crew of seamen for the Naval Service of the United States of America on the Lakes to the northward, to which he was appointed Captain.
[edit] Battle of Valcour Island
He served under Benedict Arnold at the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain on October 11, 1776. Hawley commanded the two-masted schooner Royal Savage with a crew of 50 men. His cousin Ephraim Hawley (1746-1777) served as his Lieutenant and his young nephew Samuel Hawley was also a seaman. The ship ran aground during the battle and was burned by the crew to prevent it from falling into British hands. The Royal Savage had been Arnold's flagship until he went aboard the ship Congress. All of Arnold's personal belongings were destroyed when the Royal Savage was burned. This naval battle is considered by some to be the first of the newly formed United States Navy and delayed for one year the British attempts to cut the colonies in half.
[edit] Revolutionary War service
He was taken prisoner several times, and after being taken with the State sloop Schuyler in 1777, he was again exchanged, and continued his service as a privateer in Long Island Sound, in command of the Guilford, until she fell prey to the British in New Haven harbor in July 1779, when he escaped capture and fitted out a flotilla of armed boats by warrant authority, before being commissioned.
[edit] Daring raid
In November, 1779, he commanded a voluntary force of 20 men from Stratford, Connecticut and the vicinity, crossed the Sound in a daring raid and brought back from Long Island, Thomas Jones, Esq, of Suffolk County, one of the Judges of the Ministerial Supreme Court of the Crown, and delivered him up as a hostage to exchange for General Gold Selleck Silliman who had been taken prisoner earlier that year. The dairing raid and subsequent prisoner exchange were made into the film Mary Silliman's War produced by Heritage Films, under the auspices of The Institute for Early American History in Colonial Williamsburg, VA. It is based on the biography by Richard and Joy Day Buel, The Way of Duty (Norton, 1984).
[edit] Protecting the Connecticut shore
The next spring, on April 20, 1780 he went from Fairfield, Connecticut with three armed boats under his command to Blue Point, Long Island and captured eleven British and Tory vessels, all of which he either destroyed or ransomed, except four which he brought back to Fairfield and libeled. One of the latter was richly laden with West India goods. On April 6, 1780, in company with Capt. Ebenezer Jones he took a Tory sloop, commanded by Jared Bell, and again, Oct 15, 1780, partook in the capture of the sloop Dorset. Under his last commission he was especially active in the Sound and performed important naval service in the prevention of illicit trade, seizing and libeling many boats and cargoes in the Fairfield Court. During his several exploits, first and last Captain Hawley is credited with the capture of over 20 sail of enemy craft during the American War for Independence.
[edit] Private life
It is thought that Captain David Hawley built the first brick house within the city limits of Bridgeport, Connecticut. The home was located at the corner of Water & Gilbert Streets & was used after Hawley's death, in 1807 at the age of 66, as a saddle factory by Seth B. Jones.
[edit] References
- Claghorn, Charles E. Naval Officers of the American Revolution: A Concise Biographical Dictionary. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8108-2096-X.
- Reverend Samuel Orcutt, History Of The Old Towns Of Stratford, Connecticut, Fairfield County Historical Society, 1886
- Louis F. Middlebrook, History of Maritime Connecticut During the American Revolution 1775 - 1783, The Essex Institute, Salem, Mass, 1925
- Jim Mathews, The Connecticut Society Of The Sons Of The American Revolution, East Haddam, CT
- James Trumbull, Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut 1636-1776, Connecticut General Assembly, Lockwood & Brainard, 1890
