Dauphin Island, Alabama
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| Dauphin Island, Alabama | |
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country | United States |
| State | Alabama |
| County | Mobile |
| Area | |
| - Total | 166.1 sq mi (430.1 km²) |
| - Land | 6.2 sq mi (16 km²) |
| - Water | 159.9 sq mi (414.1 km²) |
| Elevation | 7 ft (2 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Total | 1,371 |
| - Density | 8.3/sq mi (3.2/km²) |
| Time zone | Central (CST) (UTC-6) |
| - Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) |
| ZIP code | 36528 |
| Area code(s) | 251 |
| FIPS code | 01-19744 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0117086 |
Dauphin Island is a town in Mobile County, Alabama, United States, located on a barrier island also named Dauphin Island. As of the 2000 census, the population of the town is 1,371. It is included in the Mobile metropolitan statistical area. It was named after Louis XIV's great-grandson and heir, the Dauphin.
The Gulf of Mexico is to the south of the island; the Mississippi Sound and Mobile Bay are to the north. The island's eastern end helps to define the mouth of Mobile Bay. The eastern, wider portion of the island is shaded by thick stands of pine trees, but the narrow, western part of the island features scrub growth and few trees.
Dauphin Island, Alabama is the name of the incorporated community situated on the island. The island has a permanent population of about 1,200. It is home to Fort Gaines, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, The Estuarium public aquarium, several restaurants, an airport, boat ramps, a large public pier, new condominium developments, historics sites, and numerous private homes. Beaches attract tourism, and fishing is a popular activity in the waters around the island. The island is connected to the mainland by the Gordon Persons Bridge.
Although the island has several bird sanctuaries, the main one is the 164 acre (66.37 ha) Audubon Bird Sanctuary. Dauphin Island is the first landfall encountered by many birds as they migrate north from South America, and as a consequence many species can be found resting there before continuing their journey.
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[edit] Geography
Dauphin Island is located at (30.256429, -88.125231).[1]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 166.1 square miles (430.1 km²), of which, 6.2 square miles (16.1 km²) of it is land and 159.9 square miles (414.1 km²) of it (96.27%) is water.
[edit] Demographics
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 1,371 people, 601 households, and 418 families residing in the town. The population density was 221.2 people per square mile (85.4/km²). There were 1,691 housing units at an average density of 272.9/sq mi (105.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.43% White, 0.44% Black or African American, 1.60% Native American, 0.58% Asian, and 0.95% from two or more races. 0.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 601 households out of which 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.7% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.66.
In the town the population was spread out with 17.4% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 33.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 111.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $44,219, and the median income for a family was $50,476. Males had a median income of $35,179 versus $24,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,552. About 6.0% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Education
The town is served by the Mobile County Public School System.
The town has one public school, Dauphin Island Elementary School. Middle school students go on to Alba Middle School in Bayou La Batre and Bryant High School in the Irvington section of unincorporated Mobile County.
[edit] History
Serpentine shell middens, perhaps 1500 years old, attest to at least seasonal occupation by the Native American Mound Builder culture. Shell Mound Park, along the Island's northern shore, is administered by Alabama Marine Resources Division.
In 1519, the Spanish explorer Alonzo Pineda was the first documented European to visit, staying long enough to map the island with remarkable accuracy.
The island's French history began on January 31, 1699, when the explorer Pierre Le Moyne, sieur d'Iberville, virtually the founder of French Louisiana, arrived at Mobile Bay, and anchored near the island on his way to explore the mouth of the Mississippi River. D'Iberville named it "Isle Du Massacre" (Massacre Island) because of a large pile of human skeletons discovered there. The gruesome site turned out to be a simple burial mound which had been broken open by a hurricane, not a massacre site, but the name stuck.[3]
D'Iberville decided to locate a colony on the island due to abundant timber, reliable supply of fresh water, and a great deep-water harbor. "Massacre Island" soon became the headquarters for French colonization along the Gulf Coast. The thriving settlement consisted of a fort, a chapel, government owned warehouses, and many private homes.[3] The island served as a major trading depot, unloading goods from Saint-Domingue (Haiti), Mexico ,Cuba and France, and collecting furs in a short-lived fur trade. Mobile Bay itself, before it was dredged, was too shallow, and its sand bars too shifting and treacherous, for ocean-going vessels.
Dauphin Island was captured by the British in 1766 during the Seven Years' War, but retaken by the Spanish in 1780 during the American Revolutionary War and it was subsequently manned by a small Spanish garrison. During the War of 1812, American forces captured the island from the Spanish( 1813) to prevent British forces from using it.
Fort Gaines on the eastern tip of the island was built between 1821 and 1848. It was occupied by Confederate forces in 1861, and captured by Federal troops during the Battle of Mobile Bay. The phrase, "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead," was spoken by U. S. Admiral David Farragut just a few hundred yards from Dauphin Island's shore.
The first Sand Island Lighthouse, authorized in 1834, was replaced by a structure 150 feet (46 m) high, at a cost of $35,000, that was dynamited by Confederate forces. The present lighthouse (1873; in use until 1970), has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its ownership was recently transferred from the Department of Interior to the Town of Dauphin Island.
[edit] Dauphin Island's Crest
On the top is the historic Ft Gaines with two cannons (one facing North and one facing South) which represents Dauphin Island's part in America's Civil War of the 1800s. The boat is a shrimping vessel which represents the livelihood of many of the residents of the island and the Dolphin is a mammal seen quite often in the Gulf of Mexico and Mobile bay waters surrounding the Island. The birds are Pelicans which are numerous around the island and the entire Gulf coast. The Fleur de Lis represents France (1699-1764). The sailing ship is a Spanish Galleon (1781-1813). Both countries were very influential in settling the area.
[edit] Hurricanes
The bridge to the mainland was opened in 1955; it was destroyed by Hurricane Frederic on September 12, 1979.
In 1985, Hurricane Elena brought wind gusts of over 130 mph (209 km/h) to the island.
Hurricane Danny caused extensive flooding on the east end of the island in 1997.
Hurricane Georges in 1998 destroyed 41 houses on the island.
In 2004, Hurricane Ivan caused nearly one-fourth of the island to be covered with approximately two feet of water.
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina brought extensive damage to parts of Dauphin Island. Over ⅓ of the homes on the west end of the island were destroyed. In many instances, only pilings exist where homes once stood. However, most areas of the Central and East end of the island experienced little flooding from the storm surge. Unlike typical storm surge effects on a mainland coastline and affected waterways, on an island the surge moves around and over the land mass without the mounding up of water experienced on the mainland.
The approach road to the island fared better than expected. Popular spots such as Cedar Point Fishing Pier, The Seafood Galley and Jemison's bait shop suffered damage that appeared beyond repair. But Jemison's has been rebuilt and is back in operation and the Cedar Point Pier is completely rebuilt and back in operation and open twenty-four hours a day and seven days a week. Boardwalk Realty, a real estate company on the island, rebuilt after its building was almost completely demolished.
The damage to most East End beach front homes was limited to decks, stairs and storage buildings. In DeSoto Landing, a gated gulf-front subdivision on Dauphin Island, the main homes had no water entering the homes unless a window or roof system failed; many avoided surge waters entirely. Damage was limited due to Sand Island (Pelican Island), a large sandbar south of DeSoto Landing which broke the force of battering waves.
An oil drilling platform grounded near the island as the hurricane passed by.[1] It was identified by its owners, Diamond Offshore Drilling Inc., as the Ocean Warwick, pushed nearly 60 miles (97 km) from its original location by the hurricane. [2]
[edit] Tourist attractions
A ferry from nearby Fort Morgan in Gulf Shores brings both vehicles and pedestrians to the island. One of the closest attractions to the ferry dock is The Estuarium, a fresh- and saltwater aquarium highlighting species native to Alabama.
Many tourists also visit the island because of the rich history. The aforementioned Fort Gaines offers daily reenactments and tours of the fort.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ a b The coinage for Massacre Island, 1699!. Shirepost.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-09.
[edit] External links
- Dauphin Island, Alabama is at coordinates Coordinates:
- Webcam from USCG Station showing oil platform
- Island Mullet Wrapper - Dauphin Island news and information
- Dauphin Island news and information
- Still in Harm's Way, NOW on PBS, Video on Dauphin Island
- Town of Dauphin Island
- Dauphin Island Park and Beach Board Dauphin Island, Alabama
- Dauphin Island Foundation
- Historic Fort Gaines on Dauphin Island, Alabama
- The Estuarium
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab Alabama's Marine Consortium
- Dauphin Island Fire and Rescue
- Alabama Deep Sea Fishing Rodeo[dead link – history]
- Arkansas Fats' Dauphin Island BBS
- Travel Reviews of Dauphin Island
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