Daunorubicin

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Daunorubicin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(8S,10S)-8-acetyl-10-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-
4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-oxan-
2-yl]oxy-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-
9,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione
Identifiers
CAS number 20830-81-3
ATC code L01DB02
PubChem 30323
DrugBank APRD00521
Chemical data
Formula C27H29NO10 
Mol. mass 527.52 g/mol
563.99 g/mol (HCl salt)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability  ?
Metabolism Hepatic
Half life 26.7 hours (metabolite)
Excretion Biliary and urinary
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

D (U.S.)

Legal status
Routes Exclusively intravenous. Causes severe necrosis if administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously

Daunorubicin or daunomycin (daunomycin cerubidine) is chemotherapy of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. It is most commonly used to treat specific types of leukaemia (acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia). It was initially isolated from Streptomyces peucetius.

A liposomal formulation of daunorubicin is marketed in the United States as DaunoXome.

Contents

[edit] Uses

It slows or stops the growth of cancer cells in the body. Treatment is usually together with other chemotherapy drugs (such as cytarabine), and its administration depends on the type of tumor and the degree of response.

In addition to its major use in treating AML, daunorubicin is also used to treat neuroblastoma. Daunorubicin has been used with other chemotherapy agents to treat the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

[edit] Mode of action

On binding to DNA, daunomycin intercalates, with its daunosamine residue directed toward the minor groove. It has the highest preference for two adjacent G/C base pairs flanked on the 5' side by an A/T base pair. Daunomycin effectively binds to every 3 base pairs and induces a local unwinding angle of 11o, but negligible distortion of helical conformation.

[edit] Route of administration

Daunorubicin should only be administered in a rapid intravenous infusion. It should not be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, since it may cause extensive tissue necrosis. It should also never be administered intrathecally (into the spinal canal), as this will cause extensive damage to the nervous system and may lead to death.[1]

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