Dasyuridae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dasyurids[1]
Tiger Quoll
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Marsupialia
Order: Dasyuromorphia
Family: Dasyuridae
Goldfuss, 1820
Subfamilies & Tribes

Dasyurinae

Sminthopsinae

The Dasyuridae is a family of marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea, including 61 species divided into 15 genera.[1] Many are small and mouse-like, giving them the misnomer marsupial mice, but the group also includes the cat-sized quolls, as well as the Tasmanian Devil. They are found in a wide range of habitats, including grassland, forests, and mountains, and some species are arboreal or semi-aquatic.

[edit] Characteristics

Most dasyurids are roughly the size of mice, but a few species are much larger. The smallest species is the Pilbara Ningaui, which is from 4.6 to 5.7 cm in length, and weighs just 2-9 grams, while the largest, the Tasmanian Devil, is 57-65 cm long, and weighs from 6-8 kilograms. The smaller dasyurids typically resemble shrews or mice in appearance, with long tails and narrow, pointed noses. The larger species bear a resemblance to such placental carnivores as mongooses or mustelids.[2]

Many features of dasyurids are considered primitive, that is, that they resemble the features of the earliest marsupials, from which other species, such as kangaroos and bandicoots, later diverged. For example, all of the toes in dasyurids are separate, whereas in many other marsupials, the second and third toes are fused together. Similarly, many species lack a full marsupial pouch, instead having a simple fold of skin surrounding the teats, and providing some protection to the developing young. The dentition of dasyurids is also considered primitive, and differs from that of other marsupials, with a dental formula of:

Dentition
4.1.2-3.4
3.1.2-3.4

Dasyurids are primarily insectivorous, but they will also eat small lizards, fruit, and flowers. One of the few exceptions to this rule is the Tasmanian Devil, which subsists mainly on vertebrate carrion.[2] They have a relatively simple digestive tract, as is typical of insectivores and carnivores.

Gestation lasts from 12-16 days, and results in the birth of from two to twelve young, with both figures varying between species. Smaller species typically breed at least twice a year, while the larger forms tend to breed just once. The length of lactation reflects this, with young dunnarts, for example, being weaned after 60-70 days, but young quolls only after 8-9 months. Most dasyurid species are sexually mature at one year of age, but, again, the quolls and Tasmanian Devil, being larger, take longer to mature and do not reach full adulthood for about two years.[2]

Adult dasyurids are typically solitary, or travel in small groups of two to three individuals.

[edit] Classification

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Groves, Colin (16 November 2005). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 23-37. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. 
  2. ^ a b c Lee, A.K. (1984). in Macdonald, D.: The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File, 838-845. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.