Daigakkō
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daigakkō (大学校 daigakkō?) is a word used in names of some post-secondary educational institutions in Japan. The word is translated "academy", "college" or "university" in their English names. (It is a literal translation of "Grandes écoles", elite higher institutions in France. The National Defense Academy of Japan (Bōei Daigakkō) was established École Polytechnique as its model.)
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[edit] Daigakkō and other post-secondary institutions
In Japan use of the word "daigakkō" is not regulated by laws or ordinances. They could offer accredited full-time six-year courses or a single-day training courses depending on institution and course. They can be established by national and local governments or can be private institutions. Some daigakkōs may be recognised as "specialized training colleges" (ja:専修学校 senshū gakkō?) by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) or "miscellaneous schools" (ja:各種学校 kakushu gakkō?) by the local board of education or the governor of the prefecture.
It is also true for "daigaku" (大学) but the word "daigakkō" is a word to clarify that the daigakkō does not award academic degrees of its own. Currently no institutions (their English names could be "university", "institute of technology", "medical college" or "junior college") established or recognised directly by the MEXT and can offer academic degrees of their own carry "daigakkō" in their names. They use "daigaku (大学)" or "tanki daigaku" (短期大学 for a junior college) instead.
In early Meiji era The Imperial College of Engineering (工部大学校 Kōbu Daigakkō?) was a mainstream higher education institution established by Monbushō (current MEXT).
[edit] Daigakkō with NIAD-UE accredited courses: equivalent as universities
Some daigakkō's mainstream courses are accredited by the National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation (NIAD-UE), an independent administrative institution (IAI) affiliated with the MEXT and the graduates can obtain academic degrees awarded by the NIAD-UE by application.
[edit] Administered by the national government: tuition-fee free, salary paid
- Japan Coast Guard Academy (海上保安大学校 Kaijō Hoan Daigakkō?) (JCGA): Japan Coast Guard
- National College of Nursing (ja:国立看護大学校 Kokuritsu Kango Daigakkō?) (NCN) [1]: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)
- National Defense Academy of Japan (防衛大学校 Bōei Daigakkō?) (NDA): Ministry of Defense
- National Defense Medical College (防衛医科大学校 Bōei Ika Daigakkō?) (NDMC): Ministry of Defense
- Meteorological College (ja:気象大学校 Kishō Daigakkō?) (MC-JMA) [2]: Japan Meteorological Agency
The mainstream students of above daigakkōs are tuition fee free. They are paid salaries (except the NCN) by the national government as the establishing administrations' employees. The NDMC's graduates who retire before serving nine years for Japan Self-Defense Forces must refund their training costs.
[edit] Independent administrative institutions: tuition fee payable
- National Fisheries University (ja:水産大学校 Suisan Daigakkō?) (NFU [3]): an IAI affiliated with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
- Polytechnic University (ja:職業能力開発総合大学校 Shokugyō Nōryoku Kaihatsu Sōgō Daigakkō?) (PU [4]): an IAI affiliated with the MHLW.
The mainstream students of the above daigakkōs must pay tuition fee similar to Japanese national universities.
[edit] Daigakkō without NIAD-UE accredited courses
[edit] Administered by the national government
They run training courses for public servants. Note institutions whose objectives and functions are similar but names are not daigakkō, say gakkō (School) are not included in this list.
- Aeronautical Safety College (ja:航空保安大学校 Kōkū Hoan Daigakkō?) (ASC) [5]: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT)
- National Police Academy (ja:警察大学校 Keisatsu Daigakkō?) (警大 Keidai [6]): National Police Agency
- Local Autonomy College (ja:自治大学校 Jichi Daigakkō?) [7]: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
- National Fire Fighters' Academy (ja:消防大学校 Shōbō Daigakkō?) [8]: Fire and Disaster Management Agency (Japan)
- National Tax College (ja:税務大学校 Zeimu Daigakkō?) [9]: National Tax Agency (Japan)
- Social Insurance College (ja:社会保険大学校 Shakai Hoken Daigakkō?) [10]: Social Insurance Agency (Japan)
- College of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (ja:国土交通大学校 Kokudo Kōtsū Daigakkō?) [11]: MLIT
[edit] Administered by a special institution
Postal College runs training courses for the employees of Japan Post.
[edit] Administered by Independent Administrative Institutions
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[edit] Administered by local governments
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[edit] Independent Administrative Institution
[edit] Private Institutions
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[edit] South Korean Universities
South Korean universities use the same Chinese character word "大学校" in their names.
[edit] See also
See for a partial list.