Dae Jung-sang
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- This is a Korean name; the family name is Dae.
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Dae Jung-sang was the contribute of Balhae. Dae Jung-sang was also the father of Dae Joyeong, who was the founder of the ancient kingdom, Balhae. Though most of the credit for the founding of Balhae went to his son, many historians still give credit to Dae Jung-sang as the main supporter and leader in the founding of Balhae.
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[edit] Background
Though Dae Jung-sang was born in Goguryeo, ancient Chinese sources state he was of Mohe (Malgal) origin. On the contrary, many ancient Korean sources state that he was of the ethnic Goguryeo race, and was from a noble family that existed from the founding of Goguryeo.
[edit] General of Goguryeo and witness of its fall
Dae Jung-sang's service to his proud country is thought to have started at around 640-645 AD. The armies of the Tang invaded Goguryeo in the second war of 661. General Dae Jung-sang was an active participant in this war and also helped defeat the Tang armies once again. Dae Jung-sang soon witnessed the defeat of his country before his own eyes as the sons of Yeon Gaesomun fell under corruption and fought each other. The Tang saw the internal struggles of Goguryeo and decided that the time was right to launch another invasion. This war was successful and the Tang armies destroyed Pyeongyang Fortress to finally end the great empire that dominated ancient Northeast Asia for almost a thousand years.
[edit] Founding of a new Goguryeo
After Goguryeo fell to the Silla-Tang alliance armies (Hangul: 나당 연합군) during the year 668, Dae Jung-sang and several other former Goguryo military officers rallied up the remnants of the Goguryeo armies and led them to Dongmo Mountain (Hangul: 동모산, Hanja: 東牟山). There, he established a new kingdom, which would eventually become Dae Joyeong's Balhae.
[edit] Goguryeo Revival movement
Throughout his reign, Dae Jung-sang witnessed numerous attempts by his fellow Goguryeons to re-establish their proud kingdom. He helped his fellow patriots with as much as he could offer, but in the end, they all fell. During the year 672, Goguryeo General Geom Mojam was assassinated by Prince Anseung, who had become the king of another Goguryeo. Most of the Goguryeo Aristocracy were taken to Yingzhou (Hangul : 영주 Hanja/Hanzi :營州), the homeland of the Khitan. Yingzhou became part of the Tang's General Protectorate to Pacify the East, and the Khitan were enraged at this. In 696, during the 29th year of Dae Jung-sang's reign, the Khitan led a revolt that killed the cruel governor of the protectorate and gave Yingzhou back to the Khitan. He allied with the Baishan Mohe leader Qisi Piyu (Sinicized:乞四比羽 pinyin : Qǐsì bǐyǔ), and the two powers opposed the Tang in 698 AD. The two leaders resisted the Tang's attack, but were forced to retreat. Both Qisi Piyu, and Dae Jung-sang died. Crown Prince Dae Joyeong led the remaining Goguryeo and Malgal soldiers and defeated the Tang army at the Battle of Cheonmun-ryeong (천문령 전투) and established the Empire of the Great Jin.
[edit] Death
He died from injuries in battle, but on his death bed, appointed Dae Joyeong, his eldest son, as successor and supreme commander of the Goguryeo Remnant army. Dae Joyeong gave his father the posthumous title of Sejo (세조) after establishing the Great Jin Empire.
[edit] Family
The most notable and famous of his children was his eldest, Dae Joyeong. Dae Jung-sang had another son, Dae Ya-bal (대야발), and probably also had other children besides Dae Joyeong because the Balhae Royal line consisted of two lineages, one from Dae Joyeong and the other from Dae Ya-bal. It is also known that he had one wife and also that he came from a middle class lineage.
[edit] Legacy
Dae Jung-sang's forgotten establishing of a Successor-state of Goguryeo laid the foundations for the founding of an even more powerful kingdom, which was Balhae. Despite all of his hard work, most people remember his son Dae Joyeong as the founder of Balhae. Nevertheless, his descendants continued on the Balhae Royal line to the fifteenth generation. Though Balhae fell, it left a further legacy. The last princes of Balhae quickly gathered the Balhae Aristocracy and retreated to Goryeo for sanctuary. Taejo of Goryeo gladly took them in and the Dae family continued on and still survives to this day as the Hyeop-gye Tae clan (협계 태씨).
[edit] See also
[edit] References
| Preceded by 'None' |
King of Balhae 668–699 |
Succeeded by Go of Balhae |
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