Dépanneur
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A dépanneur (from the French verb dépanner, meaning "to help out of difficulty" or "troubleshoot"; often shortened to "dep") is a convenience store, usually part of a chain, or an independently-run corner shop, general store or deli, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The term is also used in French by Franco-Ontarians.
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[edit] The term
The term "dépanneur" was once restricted to French-speaking environments; however, over the years it spread to the English-speaking communities and became part of Quebec English and the English culture of Quebec. The noted English-language author and Montreal novelist Mordecai Richler used to refer in jest to the London luxury grocer Harrods as "my local dépanneur" during his years in the United Kingdom, and his numerous return visits there.
[edit] History and context
In Quebec, deps have a unique history because they used to be the only non-state stores in the province permitted to sell both beer and other alcoholic beverages, a situation which lasted until the 1990s. Supermarkets were forbidden to sell any alcoholic beverages other than beer, in order to eliminate competition with the state monopoly Société des alcools du Québec (SAQ). A very small selection of cheap wines available at the corner shop were, and in some cases still are, sarcastically referred to as "Cuvée dépanneur." A change in licensing laws (as well as an overhaul of the SAQ) introduced an expanded selection of wines to both depanneurs and grocery stores, although the SAQ retains control over the majority of quality wines, spirits and hard liquor. In 2007, a limited number of vodkas became available in grocery stores, but not dépanneurs.
In contrast, in most other Canadian provinces, convenience stores are not permitted to sell alcoholic beverages at all, and in some cases the sales of beer, wines and spirits are divided between different specialty provincial chains, such as The Beer Store and LCBO in Ontario.
[edit] Chains vs independent stores
In Montreal many small family-owned deps and smaller chains were bought out in the 1990s by Couche-Tard Inc. (French for "goes to bed late"). It gained a virtual monopoly after it bought out the Provi-Soir brand name, a franchise with a winking owl as part of its logo (now part of the Couche-Tard logo); Provi-Soir had previously purchased the competing Perrette chain in the late 1980s. Today, the Mac's Convenience, Boni-Soir, 7 Jours and American Circle K chains are all owned by the ever-expanding Couche-Tard conglomerate.
Family-run depanneurs now tend to cater to the needs of their neighborhoods. In several Montreal districts, smaller deps serve immigrant populations, offering specialty foods and discount long-distance cards alongside the usual convenience-store fare. Many offer faxing, photocopying, Canada Post services, Western Union money transfers and occasionally Internet access. Most offer free local delivery of groceries; many use bicycle deliverymen who ride three-wheeled cycles with an attached cart, similar to the Dutch Bakfiets freight bicycle.
Because of the tendency of most convenience stores to become cluttered (to the point where their windows become a solid wall of advertising placards and neon), the Couche-Tard company experimented with creating a new, fresh, bright, and clean concept called "Store 2000." Several deps with wider layouts, brighter lighting, idiosyncratic modern décor, and often, cafés and Subway sandwich franchises were launched to a good degree of success, and the results were integrated into an ongoing program of upgrades for the regular stores.
Deps continue to survive despite the recent onslaught of large grocery chains from inside and outside the province.
[edit] Metropolitan French
In Metropolitan French, a dépanneur is a business troubleshooter, more specifically a car breakdown or towing service, or a general fix-it man (for example, of electrical equipment). The term is occasionally used in this sense in Quebec.
