Cytochrome b5

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Rat cytochrome b5 bound to heme
Cytochrome b5
Identifiers
Symbol CYB5A
Alt. Symbols CYB5
Entrez 1528
HUGO 2570
OMIM 250790
PDB 1JEX
RefSeq NM_001914
UniProt P00167
Other data
Locus Chr. 18 q23

Cytochromes b5 are ubiquitous electron transport hemoproteins found in animals, plants, fungi and purple phototrophic bacteria. The microsomal and mitochondrial variants are membrane-bound, while bacterial and those from erythrocytes and other animal tissues are water-soluble. The family of cytochrome b5-like proteins includes (besides cytochrome b5 itself) hemoprotein domains covalently associated with other redox domains in flavocytochrome cytochrome b2 (L-lactate dehydrogenase; EC 1.1.2.3), sulfite oxidase (EC 1.8.3.1), plant and fungal nitrate reductases (EC 1.7.1.1, EC 1.7.1.2, EC 1.7.1.3), and plant and fungal cytochrome b5/acyl lipid desaturase fusion proteins.

Contents

[edit] Structure

3-D structures of a number of cytochrome b5 and yeast flavocytochrome b2 are known. The fold belongs to the α+β class, with two hydrophobic cores on each side of a β-sheet. The larger hydrophobic core constitutes the heme-binding pocket, closed off on each side by a pair of helices connected by a turn. The smaller hydrophobic core may have only a structural role and is formed by spatially close N-terminal and C-terminal segments. The two histidine residues provide the fifth and sixth heme ligands, and the propionate edge of the heme group lies at the opening of the heme crevice. Two isomers of cytochrome b5, referred to as the A (major) and B (minor) forms, differ by a 180° rotation of the heme about an axis defined by the α- and γ-meso carbons.

[edit] Cytochrome b5 in some biochemical reactions

EC 1.6.2.2 cytochrome-b5 reductase

NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b5 = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b5

EC 1.10.2.1 L-ascorbate—cytochrome-b5 reductase

L-ascorbate + ferricytochrome b5 = monodehydroascorbate + ferrocytochrome b5

EC 1.14.18.2 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase

CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O

EC 1.14.19.1 stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase

stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O

EC 1.14.19.3 linoleoyl-CoA 9-desaturase

linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = γ-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  • Lederer, F. (1994). "The cytochrome b5-fold: an adaptable module". Biochimie 76: 674–692. PMID 7893819. 
  • Napier, J.A., Michaelson, L.V. and Sayanova, O. (2003). "The role of cytochrome b5 fusion desaturases in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 68: 135–143. PMID 12538077. 
  • Rivera, M., Barillas-Mury, C., Christensen, K.A., Little, J.W., Wells, M.A. and Walker, F.A. (1992). "Gene synthesis, bacterial expression, and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of the rat outer mitochondrial membrane cytochrome b5". Biochemistry 31: 12233–12240. PMID 1333795. 
  • Schenkman, J.B. and Jansson, I. (2003). "The many roles of cytochrome b5". Pharmacol. Ther. 97: 139–152. PMID 12559387. 

[edit] External links