Cyprus Government Railway
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Cyprus Government Railway was a 2'6" gauge railway network that operated in Cyprus from October 1905 to December 1951. With a total length of 76 miles, there were 39 stations, stops and halts, the most prominent of which served Famagusta, Prastio Mesaoria, Angastina, Trakhoni Kythrea, Nicosia, Kokkini Trimithia, Morphou, Kalokhorio Lefka and Evrykhou. The CGR was closed down due to financial reasons.
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[edit] History
[edit] Background
When the first British High Commissioner, Sir Garnet Wolseley, arrived in Cyprus in 1878, he captured the idea of a railway on the island, which was not realised for a long time, due to the uncertainty of the British stay in Cyprus. In July 1903, Frederick Shelford - on behalf of the Crown Agents - submitted a feasibility study for the construction of a railway line that would start from Famagusta and, through Nicosia and Morphou, would reach to Karavostasi, with a total cost of £141,526.
[edit] Construction
The proposal was approved in November 1903 and the earthworks began in May 1904; the existing line at Famagusta harbour was extended to Varosha (1 mile) and section 1 (Famagusta-Nicosia, 36 miles) was inaugurated on 21 October 1905 by High Commissioner, Sir Charles Anthony King-Harman. The construction of section 2 [Nicosia-Morphou, 24 miles] began in July 1905 and the inauguration was on 31 March 1907. However, three years later, the Railway was operating at a loss and so an operation study for the CGR was conducted by Bedford Glasier. The study was published in January 1913 and suggested the construction of the terminus at Evrykhou. So, the construction of Section 3 (Morphou-Evrykhou, 15 miles) began in November 1913 and it was inaugurated on 14 June 1915. [1]
[edit] Operation
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After the completion of the 76 miles of the CGR, the total cost rose to £199,367, which remained constant throughout the operation period of the CGR. During the 46 years of its operation, the CGR witnessed various interesting events that marked the modern history of Cyprus, among which are:
- During the Enosis riots in October 1931, 120 yards of railway tracks were torn up, since the Railway was regarded a symbol British colonial rule.
- On 31 December 1931 Evrykhou Station was closed, as a counterblow to the throwing of tins at the Governor Sir Ronald Storrs by the villagers[citation needed].
- the transportation of allied troops from and to Famagusta harbour, Nicosia Airport and Xeros during both World Wars.
- It was targeted by the Central Powers during World War I[citation needed] and by the Axis during World War II.
- The railway was used for the transportation of a large number of the 50,000 Hebrew refugees to Karaolos internment camps, between 1946-1949.
[edit] The contribution of the CGR
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This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can (September 2007). |
The Cyprus Government Railway had numerous and various uses, serving both the colonial authorities and the people of Cyprus, such as the following:
- It served Famagusta harbour, transferring freight from and to the various parts of the harbour.
- It transferred timber from Troödos Mountains to Morphou and Mesaoria plains.
- It carried freight, ore and minerals, in co-operation with the Cyprus Mines Corporation.
- The local railway Stations functioned as a place of exchange of goods and services, while some also operated as telephone centres, telegram offices and/or postal offices.
- There were about 40 special routes for the various excursions, the Orange Festival and the large fairs.
- CGR trains carried the post, which arrived in Famagusta from the neighbouring countries via Khedivial Mail Line (1912-1939).
The existence of a railway in Cyprus shaped the life of Cypriots. However, during the first years of its operation, many viewed the Railway more like a spectacle instead of a means of transportation, which is why they crowded under the bridges to admire it. Overall, the CGR carried 3,199,934 tons of paying goods and 7,348,643 passengers, not including the long list of dignitaries with a free pass! The various Stations were designated by large trilingual white signs, while the CGR owned a total of 12 locomotives, 17 coaches and about 100 multi-purpose wagons, 50 of which were purchased from Egypt and Palestine. The CGR usually employed around 200 people.
[edit] Closure
Due to lack of profit, in 1932 the terminal station was placed at Kalokhorio Lefka, while from 1948 onwards it only reached up to Nicosia aerodrome. The ramshackle equipment and the unequal competition with the improved road network led the Government to the decision to definitely terminate the CGR. The last train departed from Nicosia Station at 14:57 on 31 December 1951 and arrived at Famagusta at 16:38. The dismantlement lasted up to March 1953.[2] After an auction was announced in Cyprus Gazette, the 10 of the 12 locomotives, the tracks and part of the rolling stock were sold to the company Meyer Newman & Co, for the price of £65,626. Locomotive 1 was preserved as a memento outside Famagusta Station.
Some wagons were bought by locals, acquiring new and interesting uses, while the equipment was distributed among seven governmental departments. The Stations were either demolished or turned into Police Stations (Angastina, Kokkini Trimithia) or Public Works Department warehouses (Famagusta, Nicosia); Morphou Station became a grain storehouse, while at Evrykhou it operated as a sanitary centre and a forest dormitory.
During the Turkish invasion of 1974, most of the remaining installations were knocked down, thus wiping many marks of the Railway. A large part of the Nicosia-Famagusta motorway was built upon the railway track, while wagon 152 was placed in the linear park in Kaimakli, in 1995. In Ayios Dhometios, part of the railway line recently became a linear park and a multi-purpose centre. Most of the employees were employed in state services and semi-governmental organisations.
[edit] References
- ^ Hugh Ballantyne (2007). Cyprus Narrow Gauge. Middleton Press. ISBN 978-1-906008-13-0.
- ^ Hugh Ballantyne (2007). Cyprus Narrow Gauge. Middleton Press. ISBN 978-1-906008-13-0.
- Ο Κυπριακός Κυβερνητικός Σιδηρόδρομος (1905-1951)/The Cyprus Government Railway (1905-1951) by Alexander-Michael Hadjilyra; Nicosia, 2006.
