Culture of Botswana
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[edit] Note
Besides referring to the language of the dominant people groups in Botswana, Setswana is the adjective used to describe the rich cultural traditions of the Batswana - whether construed as members of the Tswana ethnic groups or of all citizens of Botswana.
[edit] Writers
- Galesiti Baruti
- Caitlin Davies, born in Britain
- Unity Dow
- Bessie Head, born in South Africa
- Moteane Melamu
- Barolong Seboni, poet
- Andrew Sesinyi
- Mositi Torontle
[edit] Botswana in literature
Bessie Head is usually considered Botswana's most important writer, she fled the apartheid regime in South Africa to live in and write about Botswana. She lived there from 1964 (when it was still the Bechuanaland Protectorate) until her death at the age of 49 in 1986. She lived in Serowe, and her most famous books, When Rain Clouds Gather, Maru, and A Question of Power are set there.
Botswana forms the setting for a series of popular mystery novels by Alexander McCall Smith. Their protagonist, Precious Ramotswe, lives in Gaborone. The first novel in the series, The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency appeared in 1998 in the UK (and 2001 in the US). The light-hearted books are appreciated for their human interest and local colour.
Norman Rush, who served as a Peace Corps director in Botswana from 1978 to 1983, uses the country as the setting of all of his published books, which generally focus on the expatriate community.
Unity Dow (born 1959) is a judge, human rights activist, and writer from Botswana. She came from a rural background that tended toward traditional values of the African kind. Her mother could not read English, and in most cases decision-making was done by men. She went on to become a lawyer with much of her education being done in the West. Her Western education caused a mixture of respect and suspicion.
As a lawyer she earned acclaim most for her stances on women's rights. She was the plaintiff in a case that allowed the children of women by foreign nationals to be considered Batswana. The tradition and law before this stated nationality only descended from the father. She later became Botswana's first female High Court judge.
As a novelist she has had three books. These books often concern the issues concerning the struggle between Western and traditional values. They also involve her interest in gender issues and her nation's poverty.
[edit] Visual arts
In the northern part of Botswana, women in the villages of Etsha and Gumare are noted for their skill at crafting baskets from Mokola Palm and local dyes. The baskets are generally woven into three types: large, lidded baskets used for storage, large, open baskets for carrying objects on the head or for winnowing threshed grain, and smaller plates for winnowing pounded grain. The artistry of these baskets is being steadily enhanced through color use and improved designs as they are increasingly produced for commercial use.
Other notable artistic communities include Thamaga Pottery and Oodi Weavers, both located in the southeastern part of Botswana.
The oldest paintings from both Botswana and South Africa depict hunting, both animal and human figures, and were made by the Khoisan (Kung San!/Bushmen) over 20,000 years ago within the Kalahari desert.
Botswana is an African country made up of numerous ethnic groups, though the Batswana are the most numerous. Music is an omnipresent part of Botswana culture, and include popular and folk forms. Batswana church choirs are common across the country. Music education is an integral part of the Botswana educational system. Children of all ages are taught traditional songs and dances.
[edit] Botswana Music
Contents [hide] 1 Popular music 2 Hip hop 3 Folk music 4 Folk Music Styles 5 Folk musicians 6 Contemporary music 7 Kwasa Kwasa 8 Rock 9 Music institutions 10 References
[edit] Popular music Like many African countries, much of the popular music there is called jazz, though it has little resemblance to the African American genre of that name. There has been a push in recent years to focus on revitalizing the Botswana music industry instead of purchasing foreign releases. Most popular music in Botswana still comes from South Africa, United States, Europe or elsewhere in Africa. Gumba-gumba is a form of modernized Zulu and Tswana music, mixed with traditional jazz; the word gumba comes from township slang for party.
[edit] Hip hop Main article: Botswana hip hop
Botswana hip hop crews include The Wizards, a long-standing crew that fuses hip hop with ragga and R&B. The television show Strictly Hip Hop, hosted by Draztik and Slim (both of the Cashless Society Crew and co-founders of Unreleased Records), has done much for the Botswana scene. The record label Phat Boy is also very important [1].
TOP HIP HOP ARTISTS(Not in any order)
S.A.C.R Orackle Mista Doe Zeus N.A.T.3 The Boss Baller Third Mind Michelle Stagga Kast Steez Mosako HT BK Proctor Dice (Ditiro di maswe) Geto Flava Ignition Nitro Gaddamet Qbio Apollo Diablo Sinewave Allstars
[edit] Folk music Tswana music is mostly vocal and performed without drums; it also makes heavy use of string instruments. Tswana folk music has got instruments such as Setinkane, Segankure/Segaba]] and for the last few decades, a guitar has been celebrated as a versatile music instumenst for Tswana music. The guitar was originally played in a manner similar to Segaba but with a better rhythm due to plucking, almost completely replacing the violin-like Segaba untily such prodigies of segaba as Ratsie Setlhako re-popularised segaba in the 80s with the help of radio. In the absence of instruments a clapping rhythm is used in music with the typical chant and answer manner of singing. The absence of drumming is predominant and is peculiar of an African Tribe.
[edit] Folk Music Styles Huru Tsutsube Phathisi Borankana Mokomoto Selete Ndazola Setapa Chesa Stibikoko
[edit] Folk musicians Speech Madimabe Matsieng Shumba Ratshega Machesa Traditional Troupe Mokorwana Culture Spears Shirley Dikakapa Ratsie Setlhako Stampore Kwataeshele Jonny Kobedi Stikasola George Swabi
[edit] Contemporary music
[edit] Kwasa Kwasa An African version of Rhumba popularised in Central Africa has taken a strong following in Botswana and has produced highly acclaimed musicians such as Frank Lesokwane of Franco and Afro Musica, Jeff Matheatau, Chris Manto 7 and Alfredo Mos and Les Africa sounds. It has a slower Rhythm than the original type and predictably tends to get a rapid rhythm in the middle of the song. It is still not as hectic as its parent Afro Rhumba. Unlike Rhumba, Kwasa kwasa has a simple leg routine, focusing more on an erotic movement of hips and Buttocks.
Some artists have attempted to speed it up and made it more Danceable to breakdance with great success. Artist Vee is one of them and his version is known as Kwaito Kwasa, from a combination of Kwaito music with a kwasa kwasa rhythm and guitar.
[edit] Rock The development of rock as a followed genre in Botswana has been a slow one. The music has however started to gain some momentum, partly due to the youth's exposure to mainstream media like MTV, Channel O and the internet. The native Batswana has since showed appreciation for this genre. Ever since the year 2000, a lot of bands have been formed. Most these have played locally and a few have toured southern Africa. The rock culture is now evidently recognised, with these bands coming together to fight AIDS under a tour titled Rock Against AIDS. [1]
Notable bands include:
Wrust - One album (Soulless Machine), Metal Orizon - One album (Miopic Illusion), Nosey Road - Several albums, Stealth, Stane, Skinflint, tik the rise of the child
[edit] Music institutions The National Music Eisteddfod is held annually in Selebi-Phikwe [2].
[edit] See also
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