Cultural references to Samson
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[edit] Other cultural references
[edit] Israeli culture
"The figure of "Samson the hero" played a role in the construction of Zionist collective memory, and in building the identity of the 'new Jew' who leaves behind exilic helplessness for Israeli self-determination," Benjamin Balint, a writer in Jerusalem, has written. Vladimir Jabotinsky (1880–1940), the founder of Revisionist Zionism wrote a 1926 novel in Russian (English translation in 1930), Samson in which the author makes Samson an assimilated Jew attracted by the surrounding, more sophisticated (and un-philistine) Philistine culture. Some important Twentieth century Hebrew poems have also been written about the Bible hero. More recently, elite Israeli combat units have been named "Samson", and the Israeli nuclear program was called the "Samson Option".[1]
Noam Chomsky and others have said Israel suffers from a "Samson complex" which could lead to the destruction of itself as well as its Arab enemies.[1]
[edit] Basque mythology
There is an elaboration of the biblical character in Basque mythology which differs in its features from the original. Quite paradoxically, the Basque Samson does not stand for Christian values, but it is represented as a giant living in the mountains far from other inhabitants of the villages and the valley, he is a jentil or Basque pagan of the forest. As told in many folk accounts, endowed with might as he is, he launches rocks that lie at the origin of different prominences and hills all over the Basque Country, especially on the west, while on the east the preferred character to account for similar phenomena is the Medieval hero Roland, Errolan in Basque.
[edit] Literature
- In 1671, John Milton made him the sympathetic hero of his blank verse tragedy Samson Agonistes.
- In 1724, Moshe Chaim Luzzatto wrote the first Hebrew play ever written on the subject of Samson.[1]
- In 1926, Vladimir Jabotinsky published his historical novel, Samson (see "Israeli culture" above for details), which earned him a credit on the 1949 Hollwood movie Samson and Delilah.[1]
- In 2006, David Grossman's novel, Lion's Honey: The Myth of Samson was published.
- In 2006, David Maine published his novel The Book of Samson, the third of his Biblical series of novels which also include Fallen and The Preservationist.
- In The Canterbury Tales, in the Monk's tale, Samson is described.
[edit] Classical Music
Handel wrote his oratorio Samson in 1743. Camille Saint-Saëns wrote an opera, Samson et Dalila between 1868 and 1877.
In 1977, Joseph Horovitz wrote Samson for baritone, mixed choir and brass band
[edit] Samson parades
Quirky annual parades of a Samson figure in 10 different villages in the Lungau, Salzburg (state) and two villages in the north-west Steiermark (Austria). For more information see Wikipedia in German de:Samson (Riese)
Samson is one of the giant figures at the "Ducasse" festivities, which takes place at Ath, Belgium.
[edit] Art
Samson has been a popular subject for paintings:[2]
- Alexander Anderson, Samson Fighting the Lion, ca. 1800 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Jean Audran, after F. Verdier, The Burial of Samson, ca. 1700 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (Guercino), Samson and the Honeycomb, ca. 1657 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Niccolu Boldrini, after Titian, Samson and Delilah, ca. 1540-1545, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Boucicaut Master, Samson and the Lion, 1415, Getty Museum
- Hans Burgkmair the Elder, Samson and Delilah, ca. 1500 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Lovis Corinth, Samson Blinded, 1912
- Giuseppe Caletti (Il Cremonese), Samson and Delilah, ca. 1625 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Lucas Cranach the Elder, Samson and Delilah, 1529
- Samson's Fight with the Lion, 1520-25
- Salomon de Bray, Samson with the Jawbone, 1636 Getty Museum
- Gerard de Jode, Samson Tying the Firebrands to the Foxes' Tails, ca. 1550 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Etienne Delaune, Samson Setting Fire to the Wheat of the Philistines, ca. 1575 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- H.B. (John Doyle), Samson and Delilah, ca. 1800 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Gustave Doré, Death of Samson, 1865
- Samson and Delilah, 1865
- Samson Carrying Away the Gates of Gaza, 1865
- Samson Destroying the Philistines, 1865
- Samson Destroys the Temple, 1866
- Samson Fighting with the Lion, ca. 1496
- Samson Slaying a Lion, 1865
- Albrecht Dürer, Delilah Cuts Samson's Hair, 1493
- Josephus Farmer, Samson, 1982, Smithsonian American Art Museum
- Philip Galle, Samson Fighting the Lion, ca. 1600 Lutheran Brotherhood's Collection of Religious Art
- Luca Giordano, Samson and Delilah, ca. 1675 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Guercino, Samson Captured by the Philistines
- Reinhold Hoberg, Samson and Delilah, ca. 1900 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Lord Frederic Leighton, Illustrations for Dalziel's Bible Gallery, 1881, Tate Gallery:
- Samson and the Lion
- Samson Carrying the Gates
- Samson at the Mill
- Andrea Mantegna, Samson and Delilah, ca. 1500
- Jacob Matham after Peter Paul Rubens, Samson and Delilah, 1613
- Matthaeus Merian the Elder, 1625-30, Samson and Delilah
- Samson and the Gates
- Samson's Strange Weapon
- Samson Slays a Lion
- Michelangelo, Samson and Two Philistines, ca. 1530-50
- Aureliano Milani, Samson Slaying the Philistines, 1720 National Gallery, Canada
- Erasmus Quellinus, Samson Killing the Lion, ca. 1650 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Archie Rand, Samson, contemporary Bernice Steinbaum Gallery
- Guido Reni, The Triumph of Samson, 1611-12
- Rembrandt van Rijn, The Blinding of Samson, 1636
- Delilah Calls the Philistines, ca. 1655
- The Sacrifice of Menoah, 1641
- Samson Accusing His Father-In-Law, 1635
- Samson Betrayed by Delilah, 1629-30
- Samson Putting Forth His Riddles at the Wedding Feast, 1638
- Kirk Richards, Delilah, 1997
- Paul Roorda, Samson, contemporary
- Peter Paul Rubens, The Death of Samson, ca. 1605 Getty Museum
- Samson is Seized, 1609-10
- Jacob Savery I, Samson Wrestling with the Lion, (after), ca. 1595 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Hans Leonhard Schaufelein, Samson Destroying the Temple, Fifteenth to Sixteenth centuries Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Solomon Joseph Solomon, Samson and Delilah, 1887 Walker Art Gallery
- Jan Steen, Samson and Delilah, 1667-70
- Matthias Stom, Samson and Delilah, 1630s
- James Tissot, 1896-1900. Christian Theological Seminary, Indianapolis, Samson Breaks His Cords
- Samson Kills a Young Lion
- Samson Puts Down the Pillars
- Samson Slays a Thousand Men
- Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, 1851-60' World Mission Collection, The Death of Samson
- Samson Kills the Lion
- Samson Kills the Philistines
- Samson is Seized
- Christiaen vanCouwenbergh, The Capture of Samson, 1630
- Sir Anthony Van Dyck, Samson and Delilah, 1620
- Gerrit van Honthorst, Samson and Delilah, ca. 1615
- Israhel van Meckenem the Younger, Samson and the Lion, ca. 1475 National Gallery of Art
- Frans van den Wyngaerde, Samson Killing the Lion, ca. 1650 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Claes Jansz Visscher the Elder, Delilah Cutting Samson's Hair, ca. 1610. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Les Drysdale, Samson, contemporary
Anonymous:
- Samson Destroying the Pillars of the Philistine Temple, ca. 1600 Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
- Display Cabinet (with figure of Delilah cutting Samson's Hair), 1620s Getty Museum.
- The Women at the Tomb (with scene from Samson and the Lion), Unknown German, c. 1170s. Getty Museum
- Samson Destroys the Temple, Unknown German Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d Balint, Benjamin, "Eyeless in Israel: Biblical metaphor and the Jewish state," review of Lion's Honey: The Myth of Samson, by David Grossman, The Weekly Standard, October 30, 2006, pages 35–36
- ^ [1] "The Text This Week Lectionary, Scripture Study and Worship Links and Resources" Web site, Web page titled "Links to Images of Samson",, accessed November 2, 2006