Cruiser Act
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The Cruiser Act is a United States federal law passed by the U.S. Congress on February 13, 1929. It authorized the construction of 20 new United States Navy ships: 19 cruisers and 1 aircraft carrier.
Two Portland-class cruisers were laid down in 1930; original plans called for a class of six, but four were later altered into New Orleans-class cruisers shortly after being laid down in 1930 & 1931. Three more New Orleans-class were also laid down, in 1931, 1933 and 1934. The carrier was the USS Ranger (CV-4), laid down in 1931.
- 1929: No ships were laid down
- 1930: Two Portland-class and a New Orleans-class were laid down
- 1931: Four New Orleans-class, and the Ranger, were laid down
- 1932: No ships were laid down
- 1933: One New Orleans-class was laid down
- 1934: One New Orleans-class was laid down
This gives a total of ten ships constructed under the Act, far short of the twenty authorized.
Several factors could have affected construction; among them, the London Naval Conference in 1930. The most likely explanation for the delays, however, was the strict government economies related to the Great Depression; it is notable that in 1932-4, new construction almost stagnated. With the New Deal, and a willingness to spend money, this slowly turned around; the National Industrial Recovery Act of June 1933 was used to authorise the completion of various vessels, and following this the last two New Orleans-class were laid down.
In 1934, a new naval construction bill, the Vinson-Trammell Act was passed, providing a systematic program of ship replacement for the Navy throughout the decade and superseding the remnants of the Cruiser Act plans.
