Credit freeze

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A credit freeze, also known as a credit report freeze, a credit report lock down, a credit lock down, or a credit lock, allows an individual to control how a U.S. consumer reporting agency (also known as credit bureau: Equifax, Experian, TransUnion) is able to sell his or her data. The credit freeze locks the data at the consumer reporting agency until an individual gives permission for the release of the data. Today, credit freezes are made possible by state laws as well as industry-initiated rules. Laws have been passed by nearly half the US states (see partial list below). The first state to pass a credit freeze law was California, with a bill sponsored by Debra Bowen in 2003.[1]. In late 2007, all three credit bureaus (following TransUnion's lead) announced that they would let consumers freeze their credit reports, regardless of the state of residency.^[1] State laws still apply, however, in instances where the cost or other details of the freeze are more favorable than they are under the industry-sponsored alternative.

Credit freezes are frequently viewed as the most effective way to prevent financial identity theft. Each year in the United States, approximately 15 percent of all cases of identity theft are cases of new account origination identity theft, according to the Federal Trade Commission.[2] This form of identity theft occurs when a criminal opens credit in another individual's name. In the credit origination process, access to a credit report is critical for a lender to make a risk assessment. Because a credit freeze effectively stops any access to the credit report, it places a block in the process of issuing credit. Individuals who freeze their credit reports must therefore unfreeze their reports before they wish to apply for credit themselves.

Lenders typically require access to the borrower's credit report before issuing a loan in the borrower's name. If lenders cannot see the borrower's credit report, it is unlikely the lender will issue a loan in the borrower's name. Hence, credit freezing should reduce the risk that loans or credit cards will be issued fraudulently.

All three credit reporting agencies must be contacted to place a credit freeze. The associated fees also differ from state to state. In states where laws do not dictate more favorable pricing, the cost of freezing a credit report is $10.00 and unfreezing is similarly $10.00. In some states, credit freezing fees are waived for victims of identity theft. In late 2007, the credit bureaus started to introduce "online" credit freeze capabilities, for customers of their credit monitoring services.

Federal laws being considered by the House of Representatives and the Senate may soon preempt state laws and provide a national standard.^{[citation needed]} These laws are generally supported by consumer advocacy organizations and opposed by financial services companies. Bills include HR 3997.^[2]

[edit] U.S. states with credit freeze laws

Arkansas	California	Colorado	Connecticut	Delaware
District of Columbia	Florida	Hawaii	Indiana	Illinois
Kansas	Kentucky	Louisiana	Maine	Maryland
Massachusetts	Minnesota	Mississippi	Montana	Nebraska
Nevada	New Hampshire	New Jersey	New Mexico	New York
North Carolina	North Dakota	Oklahoma	Oregon	Pennsylvania
Rhode Island	South Dakota	Tennessee	Texas	Utah
Vermont	Washington	West Virginia	Wisconsin	Wyoming

^[3]

[edit] References

FTC Identity Theft Victim Complaint Data January 1 to December 31, 2005, Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC, USA, Pg. 6 Figure 5, "How Victims' Information is Misused."