Covenant Society

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The Covenant Society (Jamyat al-Ahd) was a political group organized in 1913, mainly by Iraqi officers serving in the Ottoman military. Most of these officers would serve in Sharif Husayn's army during the Arab Revolt and later in Faisal's Syrian army. It called for the independence of Iraq, with Amir Abdullah, son of Sharif Husayn, as king and Prince Zayd as his deputy; and the eventual union of Iraq with Syria. Later on, it sought economic and technical support from Britain as long as this aid did not hamper or undermine true freedom. The group held its first meetings in Damascus and then established a number of branches in other Arab areas, including Iraq, notably in Baghdad and Mosul. It published a magazine, al-Lisan. Its Iraqi members included Yasin al-Hashimi, Nuri as-Said, Jafar al-Askari, and Jamil al-Midfai. It also gained the support of Talib al-Naqib, who provided financial as well as moral support for its activities.

Following the ouster of Faisal's Arab government from Syria in 1920, the group transferred its headquarters to Aleppo and Deir ez-Zor to continue to seek the establishment of an Arab government for Iraq. However, Faisal's collapse had greatly weakened the group, and its activities ceased soon after.