Council of the People's Commissars
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The Council of the People's Commissars, or the Council of People's Commissars, was the highest government authority under the Bolshevik system after the success of the Russian Revolution (1917). An uprising had occurred on November 7, 1917, and the next day, November 8, 1917, the new government was formally established. It was Leon Trotsky who devised the council name, thereby avoiding the more "bourgeois" terms, minister and cabinet. The new government reflected the capture of the soviets by the Bolsheviks. Lenin became its chairman, a counterpart of a premier, the latter considered a "bourgeois" expression.
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[edit] The Council of People's Commissars in antisemitic conspiracy theory
Much effort was made to discredit Bolshevism by antisemitic propaganda aiming to establish it as Jewish Bolshevism. For example, it was claimed that in 1919, in a so-called Protocol of 1919 allegedly discovered on a Jewish courier, that:
"Bronstein (Trotsky), Apfelbaum (Zinovieff), Rosenfeld (Kameneff), Steinberg —— all of them are like unto thousands of other true sons of Israel. Our power in Russia is unlimited. In the towns, the Commissariates and Commissions of Food, Housing Commissions, etc., are dominated by our people. But do not let victory intoxicate yourselves. Be careful, cautious, because no one except yourselves will protect us!"
The four individuals named were members of the 22 member Council and were alleged to be Jewish, thereby establishing that the Council was essentially Jewish influenced, or that it was controlled by Jews.
Often Russians changed the name they were born with. And it appears that Jews Russified their names. The interpretation could easily be made that that was a practice of assimilation, something highly desired under the governments of Russia. But the interpretation was the opposite: Jews deliberately disguised their fundamental Jewishness thereby.
The full names of the four named individuals are as follows:
- Bronstein (Trotsky): Leon Trotsky (Russian: Лeв Давидович Трóцкий , Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Лeв Давидович Бронштéйн) (1879-1940
- Apfelbaum (Zinovieff): Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev, Russian (Григо́рий Евс́еевич Зин́овьев, alternative transliteration Grigorii Ovseyevish Zinoviev, born Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich Radomyslsky (Радомысльский), also known as Hirsch Apfelbaum, (1883-1936)
- Rosenfeld (Kameneff): Lev Borisovich Kamenev (Russian: Лев Борисович Каменев, born Rosenfeld, Розенфельд) (1883-1936)
- Steinberg: Isaac Nachman Steinberg (Russian: Исаак Нахман Штейнберг, Yiddish: יצחק־נחמן שטײנבערג) (July 13-1957)
[edit] References
- The Origin of Russian Communism
- by Nicolas Berdyaev
- trans. from the Russian by R. M. French
- (The University of Michigan Press, 1960)
- The Bolshevik Tradition
- by Robert H. McNeal
- (Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1963, 1975)
- Russia and Germany
- by Walter Laqueur
- (Boston • Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1965)
- Bolsheviks and British Jews
- by Sharman Kadish
- (Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1992)
- ISBN: 0-7146-3371-2
[edit] See also
- Apfelbaum
- A Protocol of 1919
- Bolshevik
- Government of the Soviet Union
- The Jewish Bolshevism
- Kamenev
- October Revolution
- The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
- Russian Revolution
- Russian Revolution (1917)
- Soviet