Correlative-based fallacies

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In logic, correlative-based fallacies, also known as fallacies of distraction, are logical fallacies based on correlative conjunctions.

A correlative conjunction is a relationship between two statements where one must be false and the other true. In formal logic this is known as the exclusive or relationship. Examples of correlatives are:

A: Object one is larger than object two.

B: Object one is smaller or the same size as object two.

A: Fido is a dog.

B: Fido is not a dog.

Fallacies based on correlatives include:

• The false dilemma or false correlative. Here something which is not a correlative is treated as a correlative, excluding some other possibility.

• The fallacy of denying the correlative, where an attempt is made to introduce another option into a true correlative.

• The fallacy of suppressed correlative, where the definitions of a correlative are changed so that one of the options includes the other, making one option impossible.

v • d • e Informal fallacies Begging the question • Fallacy of distribution (Composition • Division) • Gambler's fallacy and its inverse • Many questions • Red herring fallacy • Special pleading Correlative-based fallacies: False dilemma (Perfect solution) • Denying the correlative • Suppressed correlative Deductive fallacies: Accident • Converse accident Inductive fallacies: Biased sample • Conjunction fallacy • False analogy • Hasty generalization • Misleading vividness • Overwhelming exception Vagueness and Ambiguity: Continuum fallacy • False precision • Slippery slope Equivocation: Equivocation • False attribution • Fallacy of quoting out of context • Loki's Wager • No true Scotsman • Reification Questionable cause: Circular cause and consequence • Correlation does not imply causation (Cum hoc) • Post hoc • Regression fallacy • Single cause • Texas sharpshooter • Wrong direction Other types of fallacy