Corinnid sac spider
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Castianeira |
The corinnid sac spiders (family Corinnidae), like the other clubionoid families, have a very confusing taxonomic history. Once this family was a part of the large catch-all taxon Clubionidae, now a shadow of its former self. The clubionoids are apparently similar only in that they have eight eyes arranged in two rows, conical anterior spinnerets that touch and are generally wandering predators that build silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks.
Among the families formerly classified as "Clubionidae", some of which have common names including the words "sac spider", include:
- Anyphaenidae (anyphaenid sac spider)
- Tengellidae (tengellid spider)
- Zorocratidae (zorocratid spider)
- Miturgidae (long-legged sac spider)
- Corinnidae (corinnid sac spider)
- Liocranidae (liocranid sac spider)
- Clubionidae (sac spiders)
The Corinnidae, as now recognized, contains 75 genera and over 900 species worldwide, making it the largest of the "clubionoid" families. Among the common genera are Castianeira (nearly world wide),Corinna (widespread), Meriola (New World), Phrurolithus (widespread),Phrurotimpus (North America) and Trachelas (widespread).
Members of the genus Castianeira appear to be mimics of ants and velvet ants. Other corinnid ant-like genera include Mazax, Myrmecium and Myrmecotypus. The "phurolithines" (including Phrurolithus and Phrurotimpus) are tiny spiders often found in leaf litter that have many ventral spines on their first tibiae. The 'trachelines" (Meriola and Trachelas) are usually bicolored spiders with red-brown cephalothoraxes (carapaces) and dirty grey to yellowish abdomens. Corinna is the type genus for the family and consists of small running spiders.
[edit] Systematics
The categorization into subfamilies follows Joel Hallan.[1]
- Castianerinae
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- Aetius O. P.-Cambridge, 1896
- Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881
- Cambalida Simon, 1910
- Castanilla Caporiacco, 1936
- Castianeira Keyserling, 1879
- Castoponera Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001
- Coenoptychus Simon, 1885
- Copa Simon, 1885
- Corinnomma Karsch, 1880
- Echinax Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001
- Graptartia Simon, 1896
- Humua Ono, 1987
- Mazax O. P.-Cambridge, 1898
- Medmassa Simon, 1887
- Merenius Simon, 1910
- Messapus Simon, 1898
- Myrmecium Latreille, 1824
- Myrmecotypus O. P.-Cambridge, 1894
- Poecilipta Simon, 1896
- Pranburia Deeleman-Reinhold, 1993
- Psellocoptus Simon, 1896
- Serendib Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001
- Sphecotypus O. P.-Cambridge, 1895
- Supunna Simon, 1897
- Corinninae
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- Abapeba Bonaldo, 2000
- Attacobius Mello-Leitão, 1925
- Austrophaea Lawrence, 1952
- Corinna C. L. Koch, 1841
- Creugas Thorell, 1878
- Ecitocobius Bonaldo & Brescovit, 1998
- Erendira Bonaldo, 2000
- Falconina Brignoli, 1985
- Lessertina Lawrence, 1942
- Mandaneta Strand, 1932
- Megalostrata Karsch, 1880
- Methesis Simon, 1896
- Oedignatha Thorell, 1881
- Parachemmis Chickering, 1937
- Paradiestus Mello-Leitão, 1915
- Procopius Thorell, 1899
- Pseudocorinna Simon, 1910
- Septentrinna Bonaldo, 2000
- Simonestus Bonaldo, 2000
- Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896
- Tapixaua Bonaldo, 2000
- Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000
- Xeropigo O. P.-Cambridge, 1882
- Phrurolithinae
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- Ablator Petrunkevitch, 1942 † (fossil, oligocene)
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- Ablator lanatus (Petrunkevitch, 1958) †
- Ablator triguttatus (Koch & Berendt, 1854) †
- Drassinella Banks, 1904
- Hortipes Bosselaers & Ledoux, 1998
- Liophrurillus Wunderlich, 1992
- Orthobula Simon, 1897
- Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis, 1940
- Phrurolinillus Wunderlich, 1995
- Phrurolithus C. L. Koch, 1839 (69 recent species)
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- Phrurolithus extinctus Petrunkevitch, 1958 †
- Phrurolithus fossilis Petrunkevitch, 1958 †
- Phrurolithus ipseni Petrunkevitch, 1958 †
- Phruronellus Chamberlin, 1921
- Phrurotimpus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935
- Piabuna Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933
- Scotinella Banks, 1911
- Trachelinae
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- Austrachelas Lawrence, 1938
- Brachyphaea Simon, 1895
- Cetonana Strand, 1929
- Meriola Banks, 1895
- Paccius Simon, 1897
- Pronophaea Simon, 1897
- Pseudoceto Mello-Leitão, 1929
- Spinotrachelas Haddad, 2006 (1 species, South Africa)
- Trachelas L. Koch, 1872
- Trachelopachys Simon, 1897
- Utivarachna Kishida, 1940
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- Arushina Caporiacco, 1947
- Cycais Thorell, 1877
- Ianduba Bonaldo, 1997
- Koppe Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001
- Olbus Simon, 1880
- Otacilia Thorell, 1897
- Scorteccia Caporiacco, 1936
- Thysanina Simon, 1910
[edit] See also
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