Cordia rupicola
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| Cordia rupicola Urban |
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Varronia rupicola |
Cordia rupicola, commonly known as the Puerto Rico manjack, is a critically endangered species of shrub in the plant genus Cordia. The species has been described from Puerto Rico and Anegada.
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[edit] Taxonomy
Cordia rupicola is one of the more than 250 species in the Cordia genus. As of 1982, 17 species of Cordia have been described from Puerto Rico. Of these 15 are considered native; the remaining two are introduced.[2]
The species was discovered by German botanical collector Paul Sintenis in 1886.
[edit] Description
Cordia rupicola is a small woody shrub that measures from 1.5 to 5 meters (4.9 to 16.4 feet) in height. Its leaves are oval-elliptical measuring from 2 to 9 centimeters (0.8 to 3.5 inches). The leaf upper surface is rigidly scabrous, puberulous underneath, and the strigose petioles (the stalk of the leaves) are from 2 to 10 millimeters (0.1 to 0.4 inches) long. It grows small white flowers which produce a one-seeded red fruit measuring 4 to 4 millimiters (0.2 inches).[3]
[edit] Distribution and habitat
The species was believed to be endemic to Puerto Rico until it was described from the island of Anegada in 1987. The species was discovered in Los Indios, between Guayanilla and barrio Barinas in Yauco in 1886. A year later it was found in Guánica. Two reports of a single specimen exist from the island of Vieques but no population has been confirmed.[4] In 1995 fifteen plants were found east of the historical locations at El Peñón in Peñuelas.
El Peñón is a privately-owned subtropical dry forest site located in a limestone substrate. The area has a sparse, low brush (2 to 3 meters [6.5 to 9.8 feet]) with a few taller trees reaching 4 to 5 meters (13.1 to 16.4 feet). These trees include Bourreria succulenta var. succulenta, Bucida buceras, and Bursera simaruba.[4] Average rainfall in the area is less than 66 centimeters (25.7 inches).[5]
Two Anegada sites, each with a few dozen individuals, have been confirmed.[4] Both sites are located in the western part of the island and cover an area of less than 5 km². In Anegada the species is locally abundant in limestone and sand dunes, showing a slight preference for limestone.[1]
The IUCN assessment considered all Puerto Rican populations extirpated.[1]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Clubbe, C., Pollard, B., Smith-Abbott, J., Walker, R. & Woodfield, N. (2003). Cordia rupicola. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 27 November 2006. Database entry includes a justification for why this species is critically endangered
- ^ Liogier, H. A. and L. G. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: a systematic synopsis. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.
- ^ Proctor, G. 1991. Status survey of Cordia rupicola. In: Puerto Rican Plant Species of Special Concern: Status and Recommendations. Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
- ^ a b c Species assessment - Cordia rupicola 3-4. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2005). Retrieved on November 27, 2006.
- ^ Breckon, G. J. and D. A. Kolterman. 1996. Cordia rupicola Urban. Final Report under Cooperative Agreement No. 1448-0004-94-9113 between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus.
