Constitution of Peru

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Peru
This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Peru

Executive Power President Vice President Prime Minister Council of Ministers (Cabinet) Ministers of Peru Ministries of Peru Enviroment, Agriculture, Foreign Commerce/Tourism, Defense, Economy/Finance, Education, Energy and Mines, Interior, Justice, Health, Women/Social Development, Production, Foreign Relations, Labor/Prom. of Employement, Transportation/Communications, Housing/Construction/Sanitation Judicial Power Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Legislative Power Congress of the Republic Constitution Auton. Institutions Nat. Council of the Magistrature Constitutional Tribunal Public Ministry Office of the Ombudsman Gen. Controllership of the Rep. SBS Central Reserve Bank National Universities Elections Elections in Peru Peruvian electoral system ONPE JNE RENIEC Political Parties List of political parties APRA Peruvian Nationalist Party UPP PPC National Renewal Cambio 90 Sí Cumple Popular Action Possible Peru National Restoration Power at reg. level Regional Governments of Peru Amazonas, Ancash Apurímac, Arequipa Ayacucho, Cajamarca Callao, Cuzco Huancavelica, Huánuco Ica, Junín, La Libertad Lambayeque, Lima Loreto, Madre de Dios Moquegua, Pasco, Piura Puno, San Martín Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali Power at local level Municipalities Provinces Districts Lima Province
Other countries · Atlas Politics Portal view • talk • edit

The Constitution of Peru is the supreme law of Peru. The current constitution, enacted on December 31, 1993, is Peru's fifth in the 20th century and replaced the 1979 Constitution.^[1] The Constitution was drafted by the Democratic Constitutional Congress that was convened by President Alberto Fujimori during the Peruvian Constitutional Crisis of 1992 that followed his 1992 dissolution of Congress, was promulgated on December 29, 1993. A Democratic Constitutional Congress (CCD) was elected in 1992, and the final text was approved under a referendum. This is the only one of 15 Peruvian constitutions that has been approved by the people; it is said this Carte Magne is shorter and most adapted to global changes after the Berlin wall fell.

The current Constitution of Peru differs from the 1979 Constitution in that it gives greater power to the president. For example, it allowed for reelection, reduced the bicameral 240-member congress to a unicameral 120 Congress of the Republic,^[2] not only affirmed the president's power to veto found in the 1979 Constitution, but also gave him the power to use a line item veto, and mandated that all tax laws receive prior approval by the Ministry of Economics and Finance. While the Constitution of 1979 allowed the president to dissolve congress after congress censured cabinent members three times, the current constitution allows the president to do so after only two censures. The Constitution allows the president to decree laws as long as he first informs the Congress of his intent to do so. If the president dissolves congress, the Constitution gives him the power to simply rule by decree.

[edit] 1979 Constitution

The 1979 Constitution was promulgated on July 12, 1979 by a Constituent Assembly elected in June 1978 following 10 years of military rule and replaced the suspended 1933 Constitution. It became effective in 1980 with the re-election of deposed President Fernando Belaúnde Terry. It limited the president to a single five-year term and established a bicameral legislature consisting of a 60-member Senate (upper house) and a 180-member Chamber of Deputies (lower house). It also eliminated the literacy requirement for voting and extended suffrage to all adults 18 or older.^[2]