Connected category

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In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a connected category is a category in which, for every two objects X and Y there is a finite sequence of objects

$X = X_0, X_1, \ldots, X_{n-1}, X_n = Y$

with morphisms

$f_i : X_i \to X_{i+1}$

$f_i : X_{i+1} \to X_i$

for each 0 ≤ i < n (both directions are allowed in the same sequence). Equivalently, a category J is connected if each functor from J to a discrete category is constant. In some cases it is convenient to not consider the empty category to be connected.

A stronger notion of connectivity would be to require at least one morphism f between any pair of objects X and Y. Clearly, any category which this property is connected in the above sense.

A small category is connected if and only if its underlying graph is weakly connected.

Each category J can be written as a disjoint union (or coproduct) of a connected categories, which are called the connected components of J. Each connected component is a full subcategory of J.