Conforming loan
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In the United States, a conforming loan is a mortgage loan that conforms to GSE guidelines.[1]
In general, any loan which does not meet guidelines is a non-conforming loan. A loan which does not meet guidelines specifically because the loan amount exceeds the guideline limits is known as a jumbo loan.[1]
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[edit] History
Starting in 1970, Fannie Mae was authorized by the United States Government to purchase residential mortgage loans. Fannie Mae worked with Freddie Mac to develop uniform mortgage documents and national standards for what would come to be known as a conforming loan.[1]
[edit] Importance
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are continuously in the market for conforming loans; because of this, conforming loans benefit from greater liquidity than non-conforming loans.[1]
[edit] Criteria
The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) set the criteria on what constitutes a conforming loan limit that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac can buy. Criteria include debt-to-income ratio limits and documentation requirements. The maximum loan amount is set based on the October-to-October changes in mean home price, above which a mortgage is considered a jumbo loan, and typically has higher rates associated with it. This is because both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac only buy loans that are conforming, to repackage into the secondary market, making the demand for a non-conforming loan much less. By virtue of the laws of supply and demand, then, it is harder for lenders to sell the loans, thus it would cost more to the consumers (typically 1/4 to 1/2 of a percent.)
[edit] Conforming Loan Limits
Per Fannie Mae:[2]
| Year | Historical Conventional Loan Limits | High Cost Area | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single Family | Two Family | Three Family | Four Family | Second Loan | Single Family | |
| 2008 | $ 417,000 | $ 533,850 | $ 645,300 | $ 801,950 | $ 208,500 | $ 625,500 |
| 2007 | $ 417,000 | $ 533,850 | $ 645,300 | $ 801,950 | $ 208,500 | $ 625,500 |
| 2006 | $ 417,000 | $ 533,850 | $ 645,300 | $ 801,950 | $ 208,500 | $ 625,500 |
| 2005 | $ 359,650 | $ 460,400 | $ 556,500 | $ 691,600 | $ 179,825 | $ 539,475 |
| 2004 | $ 333,700 | $ 427,150 | $ 516,300 | $ 641,650 | $ 166,850 | $ 500,550 |
| 2003 | $ 322,700 | $ 413,100 | $ 499,300 | $ 620,500 | $ 161,350 | $ 484,050 |
| 2002 | $ 300,700 | $ 384,900 | $ 465,200 | $ 578,150 | $ 150,350 | $ 451,050 |
| 2001 | $ 275,000 | $ 351,950 | $ 425,400 | $ 528,700 | $ 137,500 | $ 412,500 |
| 2000 | $ 252,700 | $ 323,400 | $ 390,900 | $ 485,800 | $ 126,350 | $ 379,050 |
| 1999 | $ 240,000 | $ 307,100 | $ 371,200 | $ 461,350 | $ 120,000 | $ 360,000 |
| 1998 | $ 227,150 | $ 290,650 | $ 351,300 | $ 436,600 | $ 113,575 | $ 340,725 |
| 1997 | $ 214,600 | $ 274,550 | $ 331,850 | $ 412,450 | $ 107,300 | $ 321,900 |
| 1996 | $ 207,000 | $ 264,750 | $ 320,050 | $ 397,800 | $ 103,500 | $ 310,500 |
| 1995 | $ 203,150 | $ 259,850 | $ 314,100 | $ 390,400 | $ 101,575 | $ 304,725 |
| 1994 | $ 203,150 | $ 259,850 | $ 314,100 | $ 390,400 | $ 101,575 | $ 304,725 |
| 1993 | $ 203,150 | $ 259,850 | $ 314,100 | $ 390,400 | $ 101,575 | $ 304,725 |
| 1992 | $ 202,300 | $ 258,800 | $ 312,800 | $ 388,800 | $ 101,150 | $ 303,450 |
| 1991 | $ 191,250 | $ 244,650 | $ 295,650 | $ 367,500 | $ 95,625 | $ 286,875 |
| 1990 | $ 187,450 | $ 239,750 | $ 289,750 | $ 360,150 | $ 93,725 | $ 281,175 |
| 1989 | $ 187,600 | $ 239,950 | $ 290,000 | $ 360,450 | $ 93,800 | $ 281,400 |
| 1988 | $ 168,700 | $ 215,800 | $ 260,800 | $ 324,150 | $ 84,350 | $ 253,050 |
| 1987 | $ 153,100 | $ 195,850 | $ 236,650 | $ 294,150 | $ 76,550 | $ 229,650 |
| 1986 | $ 133,250 | $ 170,450 | $ 205,950 | $ 256,000 | $ 66,625 | $ 199,875 |
| 1985 | $ 115,300 | $ 147,500 | $ 178,200 | $ 221,500 | $ 57,650 | $ 172,950 |
| 1984 | $ 114,000 | $ 145,800 | $ 176,100 | $ 218,900 | $ 57,000 | $ 171,000 |
| 1983 | $ 108,300 | $ 138,500 | $ 167,200 | $ 207,900 | $ 108,300 | $ 162,450 |
| 1982 | $ 107,000 | $ 136,800 | $ 165,100 | $ 205,300 | $ 107,000 | $ 160,500 |
| 1981 | $ 98500 | $ 126,000 | $ 152,000 | $ 189,000 | $ 98,500 | $ 147,750 |
| 1980 | $ 93750 | $ 120,000 | $ 145,000 | $ 180,000 | N/A | $ 140,625 |
| Limits for Alaska, Hawaii, Virgin Islands and Guam are 50% higher. Virgin Islands was designated a high cost area in 1992 and Guam in 2001.
Prior to 1984, second mortgage limits were the same as first mortgage limits. Subsequent legislation reduced the limits to 50% of first mortgage limits. Fannie Mae had no second mortgage program before 1981. |
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[edit] 2008 Economic Stimulus Bill
A temporary increase in the Conforming Loan Limits for high-cost areas of living has been incorporated into the 2008 economic stimulus package. Congress has authorized an increase of the single family residences limits to the lesser of $729,750 or 125% of the average home value within the metropolitan statistical area (MSA). However, neither Fannie Mae nor Fredie Mac are required to offer loans to those limits.
The bill was signed into law by President Bush on February 13, 2008.[3]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d Wiedemer, John (2001). Real Estate Finance, 8th Edition. Prentice Hall, 44, 78-86.
- ^ Historical Conventional Loan Limits, Fannie Mae, Last updated 2007-12-11. (.pdf, 39KB, 1 page)
- ^ Bush, House Hammer Out $150 Billion Stimulus Bill(2008), Washington Post
