Complication (horology)
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In horology, the term complication refers to any feature beyond the simple display of hours, minutes, and seconds in a timepiece.
A timepiece indicating only hours, minutes, and seconds is otherwise known as a simple movement. Common additions such as day/date displays, chronographs and automatic winding mechanisms are usually not sufficient to permit a movement to be called complicated. Moreover, that a watch movement may be a Certified Chronometer does not itself count as a complication.
The more complications in a watch, the more difficult it is to design, create, assemble and repair. A typical date-display chronograph may have up to 250 parts, while a particularly complex watch may have a thousand or more parts. Watches with several complications are referred to as grandes complications.
The initial ultra-complicated watches appeared due to watchmakers' ambitious attempts to unite a great number of functions in a case of a single timepiece. The mechanical clocks with a wide range of functions, including astronomical indications, suggested ideas to the developers of the first pocket watches. As a result, as early as in the 16-th century, the horology world witnessed the appearance of numerous complicated and even ultra-complicated watches.
Ultra-complicated watches are produced in strictly limited numbers, with some built as unique one-of-a-kind instruments. Some watchmaking companies that are known for making ultra-complicated watches are Breguet, Patek Philippe, and Vacheron Constantin.[1]
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[edit] Examples
Examples of complications include:
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[edit] Non-horological complications
Sometimes various displays in or on a watch are counted as complications even if they have nothing to do with timetelling. Often seen examples include thermometer, barometer (rare in watches, more frequently in clocks)), compass, or altimeter. Many horologists will not count non-horological complications when adding up the number of complications on a given watch or clock, some purists even exclude the Power reserve from the complications count because it does not show a time indication (although its function is related to the timekeeping).
[edit] Grand Complications
A grand complication is a watch with several complications, the most complex achievements of haute horlogerie, or fine watchmaking. Although there is no 'official' definition,[2] one common definition is a watch that contains at least three complications, with at least one coming from each of the groups listed below:[citation needed]
| Timing complications | Astronomical complications | Striking complications |
|---|---|---|
| Simple chronograph | Simple calendar | Alarm |
| Counter chronograph | Perpetual calendar | Quarter repeater |
| Split-second flyback chronograph | Moon phases | Half-quarter repeater |
| Independent second hand chronograph | Equation of time | Five-minute repeater |
| Jumping second hand chronograph | Minute repeater | |
| Passing strike |
[edit] The most complicated pocket watch movements
According to watch manufacturer Patek Philippe, the three most complicated watches in the world are all pocket watches made by that company.
- The Patek Philippe Calibre 89 has 33 complications using a total of 1728 parts. It was released in 1989 to commemorate the 150 anniversary of the company. [3]The complications include the date of Easter, sidereal time and a 2800-star celestial chart.
- The Super-complication built for Henry Graves Jr. in 1933 has 24 complications. The watch was reportedly the culmination of a watch arms race between Graves and James Ward Packard. The Super-complication took three years to design and five to build, and sports a chart of the nighttime sky at Graves' home in New York. This is also the world's most expensive watch, auctioned off for USD 11 million in 1999.
- The Star Caliber 2000 has 21 complications. Its complications include sunrise and sunset times and the lunar orbit and it is capable of playing the melody of Westminster quarters (from the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament in London).
[edit] The most complicated wrist watch movements
- The International Watch Company's "Il Destriero Scafusia" ref. 1868 from 1993 is a wrist watch with 21 complications using 750 individual parts. Its perpetual calendar will display the day, date, month, year, leap year and century correctly until year 2499. The moon phase display is the most exact ever made, needing a one-day adjustment in 2115.
- On the occasion of its 250th Anniversary in 2005, Vacheron & Constantin created a commemorative grand complication, the Tour de l’Île with 16 complications read-off of a double-dial recto-verso display. The watch consists of 834 parts. The brand’s watchmakers and design-engineers were involved in research and development for over 10,000 hours. The timepiece requires the period of four to five months to be assembled. Among Tour de l’Île’s complications there are: a second time zone, a sixty-second tourbillon, a moon phase indicator, repetition of the quarters and minutes, a power reserve indicator, sky chart and others. Seven pieces were made.
[edit] External links
- Perez, Carlos (June 10, 2001). Of the Blood Royal. Carlos' Journal. TimeZone.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.
[edit] References
- ^ Ultra-complicated watches
- ^ Perez, Carlos (June 10, 2001). Of the Blood Royal. Carlos' Journal. TimeZone.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.
- ^ Watches - Switzerland - Information
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